The Stone of Scone, the stone upon which Scottish monarchs were traditionally crowned, is found on the site of the altar of Arbroath Abbey. It had been taken by Scottish nationalist students from its place in Westminster Abbey.

The Stone of Scone, a revered artifact with a lineage steeped in Scottish history, is known by many evocative names: the Stone of Destiny, or in Scottish Gaelic, An Lia Fàil and clach-na-cinneamhain. In Scots, it's called the Stane o Scuin, and in England, it’s often simply referred to as The Coronation Stone. This venerable oblong block of red sandstone has been an indispensable part of royal enthronements for centuries, serving as the seat upon which monarchs of Scotland, and later Great Britain and the United Kingdom, were crowned. Its other historical appellations, such as Jacob's Pillow Stone and the Tanist Stone, hint at its ancient, almost mythical, significance.

Physically, the Stone is quite substantial, measuring approximately 26 inches (66 cm) in length, 16.7 inches (42 cm) in width, and 10.5 inches (26.7 cm) in height. It weighs a considerable 335 pounds (152 kg), a testament to its imposing presence. One of its surfaces bears a roughly incised cross, a detail that speaks to its historical context, while an iron ring at each end served a practical purpose, aiding in its transportation—a feature that would prove crucial during its dramatic journeys.

A Journey Through History and Symbolism

The Stone's early history is deeply intertwined with the formation of the Kingdom of Scotland. Historically, it was enshrined at Scone Abbey, a significant ecclesiastical site now in ruins, situated near Perth, Scotland. It is believed to have been brought to Scone from the monastic island of Iona around 841 AD by Kenneth MacAlpin, often regarded as the first King of Scots. For centuries, it served as the unshakeable foundation for Scottish coronations, symbolizing the continuity and legitimacy of the monarchy.

However, this potent symbol of Scottish sovereignty faced a dramatic turning point in 1296. During his relentless invasion of Scotland, King Edward I of England, often dubbed 'Longshanks' or the 'Hammer of the Scots', forcibly removed the Stone from Scone. This act was a deliberate assertion of English dominance, intended to strip Scotland of its most sacred emblem of nationhood. The Stone was then transported to Westminster Abbey in London, where it was incorporated into a specially constructed Coronation Chair, destined to be used for the enthronement of English monarchs.

For over 700 years, the Stone remained in England, becoming an integral part of British royal ceremonies. Following the Treaty of Union in 1707, which formally united the Kingdoms of Scotland and England, the Stone continued its role, now serving for the coronations of the monarchs of Great Britain and, later, the United Kingdom. Its most recent use for a coronation was on June 2, 1953, when Queen Elizabeth II was crowned at Westminster Abbey.

In a significant gesture reflecting evolving Anglo-Scottish relations, the Stone was officially returned to Scotland in 1996, on the understanding that it would be loaned back to Westminster Abbey for future coronation ceremonies. It is now proudly housed and displayed at Edinburgh Castle, a prominent national landmark, where it continues to captivate visitors and serve as a tangible link to Scotland's enduring heritage and the shared history of the United Kingdom.


Frequently Asked Questions about the Stone of Scone

What is the Stone of Scone?
The Stone of Scone, also known as the Stone of Destiny, is an oblong block of red sandstone with a rich history. For centuries, it has served as the ancient seat upon which the monarchs of Scotland, and later the United Kingdom, were crowned.
Where is the Stone of Scone now?
Since 1996, the Stone of Scone has been permanently housed and displayed in the Crown Room at Edinburgh Castle in Scotland. However, by agreement, it is transported to Westminster Abbey in London for use during the coronation ceremonies of British monarchs.
Why is it called the Stone of Destiny?
The moniker "Stone of Destiny" reflects ancient legends and prophecies associated with the Stone, suggesting that wherever it resides, so too shall a king rule. This name emphasizes its perceived importance in determining the fate and legitimacy of a monarch.
When was the Stone of Scone last used for a coronation?
The Stone of Scone was last used in 1953 for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey in London.
Who was Kenneth MacAlpin and what was his connection to the Stone?
Kenneth MacAlpin is widely considered the first King of Scots, having united the Picts and Scots in the 9th century. He is credited with bringing the Stone from Iona to Scone Abbey around 841 AD, solidifying its role as a symbol of Scottish monarchy.
What role did Edward I play in the Stone's history?
King Edward I of England, during his invasion of Scotland in 1296, forcibly removed the Stone of Scone from Scone Abbey. He took it to Westminster Abbey in London, where it was placed beneath the Coronation Chair, symbolizing England's claim of dominion over Scotland.
What are its physical characteristics?
The Stone is an oblong block of red sandstone, measuring approximately 26 inches (66 cm) long, 16.7 inches (42 cm) wide, and 10.5 inches (26.7 cm) high. It weighs about 335 pounds (152 kg) and features a roughly incised cross on one surface and an iron ring at each end for transport.