Richard Bennett, English politician, colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1609)

Richard Bennett, born in 1608 and passing away on April 12, 1675, stands as a notable figure in the early history of colonial America. An English planter by profession, he rose to prominence as the Governor of the Colony of Virginia, serving a pivotal term from 1652 to 1655 during a period of significant political upheaval in both England and its burgeoning colonies.

Bennett's journey to the New World began in 1629, when he first set foot in the fledgling Colony of Virginia. His initial purpose was to represent the substantial business interests of his uncle, Edward Bennett, a prominent London merchant with a keen eye for colonial ventures. Young Richard was entrusted with the critical task of managing his uncle's plantation, known as Bennett's Welcome, located in the fertile lands of Warrascoyack. This area, an important early colonial settlement, would later be formally recognized as Isle of Wight County, reflecting the dynamic geographical and administrative evolution of the colony.

A Flourishing Planter and Landowner

Beyond his responsibilities to his uncle, Richard Bennett quickly established his own foothold in the colonial landscape. Demonstrating astute business acumen and a keen understanding of land acquisition, he began to secure personal land patents. This system of land grants, often tied to headrights for bringing settlers to the colony, allowed ambitious individuals like Bennett to amass considerable estates. Over time, he developed and personally owned thousands of acres, a testament to his industriousness and foresight, spanning both the Colony of Virginia and the nascent province of Maryland.

Governorship Amidst Commonwealth Rule

Bennett's tenure as Governor of Virginia from 1652 to 1655 is particularly significant. His election to this high office occurred during the English Commonwealth period, following the execution of King Charles I and the rise of Oliver Cromwell. Virginia, initially a staunch royalist colony, eventually acknowledged the authority of the Commonwealth Parliament. Bennett, a pragmatist and a respected leader, was instrumental in navigating this delicate political transition, ensuring stability and continued growth for the colony during a time when loyalties were deeply divided. His governorship focused on internal improvements and consolidating the colony's governance under the new English regime, a crucial period for the development of its political institutions.

Religious Evolution and the Quaker Faith

In his personal life, Bennett's spiritual journey was as remarkable as his political career. He initially settled in Nansemond, a region that attracted many like-minded individuals, and was openly associated with other Puritans. Puritanism, a form of Protestantism advocating for simpler worship and stricter moral codes, found fertile ground in certain parts of the colonies. However, Bennett's religious convictions were destined for another transformation. Under the profound influence of George Fox, the charismatic founder of the Religious Society of Friends, Bennett and many of his fellow settlers underwent a significant conversion, embracing Quakerism. This shift was no small matter; Quaker beliefs, which emphasized inner light, pacifism, and social equality, often put adherents at odds with the established Anglican Church and even other Protestant denominations, leading to periods of persecution in the colonies.

Later Life and Maryland Endeavors

Richard Bennett's entrepreneurial spirit continued well into his later years. In 1665, he embarked on another significant venture, acquiring 2500 acres of land in what he aptly named Bennett's Adventure. This expansive tract was strategically located on Wicomico Creek in what would become Wicomico County, Maryland. Here, he diligently developed another thriving plantation, further expanding his considerable landholdings and economic influence across the Chesapeake Bay region. His life exemplified the opportunities and challenges faced by early English settlers who helped shape the foundations of America.

Frequently Asked Questions about Richard Bennett

Who was Richard Bennett?
Richard Bennett (1608–1675) was a prominent English planter and colonial administrator who served as the Governor of the Colony of Virginia from 1652 to 1655. He was also a significant landowner in both Virginia and Maryland.
When did Richard Bennett arrive in Virginia?
He first arrived in the Colony of Virginia in 1629.
What was his initial role in the colony?
Initially, he managed his uncle Edward Bennett's plantation, known as Bennett's Welcome, in Warrascoyack (later Isle of Wight County), representing his uncle's business interests.
How much land did Richard Bennett own?
He acquired numerous land patents and ultimately owned and developed thousands of acres across Virginia and Maryland, including a 2500-acre plantation called Bennett's Adventure in Maryland.
What was Richard Bennett's religious journey?
He initially settled among Puritans in Nansemond, Virginia, but later converted to Quakerism, along with many others, under the influence of George Fox, the founder of the Religious Society of Friends.
Why was his governorship notable?
His governorship (1652–1655) occurred during the English Commonwealth period, making him a crucial figure in the colony's transition and administration following the English Civil War and the execution of King Charles I.