Petronille de Chemillé, abbess of Fontevrault

Venerable Petronilla of Chemillé (who passed away on April 24, 1149) holds a significant place in the annals of monastic history as the inaugural abbess of the groundbreaking double monastery of Fontevrault. Located in the picturesque western region of France, this unique spiritual community benefited from her astute leadership for an impressive 34 years, from 1115 until her death in 1149. Her journey to this esteemed position was notable, commencing after she experienced her second widowhood, a life transition that led her to dedicate herself fully to spiritual life.

Born as Petronilla of Craon, she hailed from a prominent noble family, indicating a background of status and influence. Her spiritual path became clear when she was drawn to the teachings and charismatic leadership of Robert of Arbrissel, a highly influential and reform-minded preacher of his era, himself recognized by the Church as Beatified for his exemplary life of virtue. Robert's vision was radical for the early 12th century, advocating for a monastic life that embraced poverty and offered refuge and spiritual guidance to all, particularly women, including those from marginalized backgrounds.

The foundation of Fontevrault was a collaborative effort, stemming from the powerful advocacy of Philippa of Toulouse. She successfully convinced her husband, William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, a formidable figure and one of the most powerful lords of his time, to generously grant land for Robert's ambitious monastic project. With the critical land secured, Robert entrusted a vital responsibility to both Hersende de Champagne and Petronilla: overseeing the meticulous construction and intricate organization of the nascent abbey. This appointment underscores his profound trust in their administrative capabilities and spiritual dedication. A pivotal moment in Fontevrault's early history came just a year before Robert of Arbrissel's passing in 1118, when he formally named Petronilla as the monastery's first abbess, ensuring a clear succession and cementing her foundational role in its spiritual and administrative future.

The Double Monastery of Fontevrault and Petronilla's Leadership

Fontevrault was unique for its time, established as a "double monastery" where both monks and nuns resided within the same monastic complex, yet were governed by an abbess. This structure, placing women in ultimate authority over communities of both men and women, was highly unconventional and testament to Robert of Arbrissel's progressive vision. As the first abbess, Petronilla of Chemillé bore the immense responsibility of nurturing this burgeoning community, ensuring its adherence to Robert's radical rule, and overseeing its growth. Her tenure from 1115 to 1149 was a period of consolidation and expansion, during which she laid down the administrative and spiritual foundations that would allow Fontevrault to flourish into one of the most influential monastic houses in medieval Europe, eventually becoming the necropolis for the Plantagenet dynasty, including Henry II, Eleanor of Aquitaine, and Richard the Lionheart. Her leadership established a precedent for powerful female governance that would endure for centuries.

Frequently Asked Questions about Venerable Petronilla of Chemillé

Who was Venerable Petronilla of Chemillé?
Petronilla of Chemillé was the first abbess of the double monastery of Fontevrault in western France. She led the community from 1115 until her death in 1149, establishing its foundational spiritual and administrative framework.
What was a "double monastery"?
A double monastery, such as Fontevrault, was a monastic institution that housed both male and female religious communities. Uniquely, at Fontevrault, the entire complex, including the communities of monks and nuns, was governed by a female abbess, which was highly unusual and progressive for the medieval period.
Who founded Fontevrault?
Fontevrault was founded by Robert of Arbrissel, a charismatic and reform-minded preacher, with significant support from Philippa of Toulouse and her husband, William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, who granted the necessary land.
What was Petronilla's background before becoming an abbess?
Petronilla was born Petronilla of Craon, indicating a noble lineage. Her journey to monastic life began after she experienced her second widowhood, leading her to become a devoted follower of Robert of Arbrissel.
When was Petronilla appointed as abbess?
Petronilla was named the first abbess by Robert of Arbrissel in 1117, just one year before his own death in 1118. This ensured a clear succession for the fledgling monastery.
Why is Petronilla of Chemillé referred to as "Venerable"?
The title "Venerable" in the Catholic Church is an honorific bestowed on an individual whose cause for canonization (recognition as a saint) has been formally introduced and who has been recognized for having lived a life of "heroic virtue." It signifies a step in the process towards sainthood.