Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey, English field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1768)

Henry William Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey (1768–1854), was a distinguished figure in British history, renowned for his dual career as a prominent military officer and an influential politician. Born on May 17, 1768, he was initially styled Lord Paget from 1784 until 1812, subsequently becoming known as the Earl of Uxbridge between 1812 and 1815, before ultimately being elevated to Marquess of Anglesey. His life was marked by pivotal moments on the battlefield and significant contributions to public service.

Early Career and Political Beginnings

Paget’s career began with a footing in both the military and political spheres. He served as a Member of Parliament, first representing Carnarvon and later Milborne Port. This early political engagement ran parallel to his burgeoning military career, which saw him participate in the demanding Flanders Campaign. This campaign, part of the early French Revolutionary Wars, provided him with valuable, albeit challenging, combat experience, laying the groundwork for his future command roles.

Distinguished Service in the Peninsular War

It was during the Peninsular War, a crucial chapter in the Napoleonic Wars, that Henry William Paget truly cemented his reputation as a brilliant cavalry commander. Leading the cavalry for Sir John Moore's army in Spain, he consistently demonstrated tactical superiority over his French counterparts. His prowess was particularly evident in key engagements such as the Battle of Sahagún in December 1808, where his dragoons decisively outmaneuvered and defeated a larger French cavalry force. This victory, alongside the subsequent Battle of Benavente later the same month, saw Paget's cavalry overcome even the elite chasseurs of the French Imperial Guard, a feat that underscored his exceptional leadership and the effectiveness of his troops against formidable opposition. These successes were vital in covering Sir John Moore's arduous retreat to Corunna.

The Battle of Waterloo and a Defining Injury

Paget’s name is perhaps most famously associated with the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815, the climactic engagement of the Hundred Days campaign. As commander of the Allied cavalry, he played a critical role in repelling French attacks. During a pivotal moment, he led the thunderous charge of the heavy cavalry against Comte d'Erlon's massive infantry column, a maneuver that significantly disrupted the French advance and bought crucial time for the Allied lines. Towards the very end of this epochal battle, a French cannonball struck him, resulting in the loss of part of one leg. Displaying characteristic stoicism, he famously remarked to the Duke of Wellington upon being hit, "By God, sir, I've lost my leg!" to which Wellington reportedly replied, "By God, sir, so you have!" This dramatic injury became an enduring part of his legend.

Later Life and Public Service

Despite his severe wartime injury, Henry William Paget continued to serve his country with distinction. His later career saw him assume significant administrative and political roles. He served twice as the Master-General of the Ordnance, a high-ranking position responsible for military supplies and artillery, reflecting his continued influence in military affairs. Furthermore, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on two separate occasions, a demanding role as the chief governor of Ireland, demonstrating his capacity for civilian leadership and governance. He passed away on April 29, 1854, leaving behind a legacy of military valor and dedicated public service.

Frequently Asked Questions about the 1st Marquess of Anglesey

Who was Henry William Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey?
He was a distinguished British Army officer and politician, most famous for his cavalry commands during the Peninsular War and his critical role at the Battle of Waterloo.
What was his most significant military achievement before Waterloo?
His brilliant cavalry commands during the Peninsular War, particularly his victories over French forces at the Battles of Sahagún and Benavente, where his troops demonstrated clear superiority.
What happened to him at the Battle of Waterloo?
He famously led the charge of the heavy cavalry and, towards the end of the battle, lost part of one leg after being struck by a French cannonball.
What key political roles did he hold after his military career?
He served twice as the Master-General of the Ordnance and twice as the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, demonstrating his continued commitment to public service.
Why was he known by different titles during his lifetime?
His titles evolved as he progressed in the peerage: he was initially Lord Paget, then became the Earl of Uxbridge, and was ultimately elevated to the 1st Marquess of Anglesey for his military services, particularly after Waterloo.