William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, English noble, courtier and patron of the arts (d. 1630)

William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, born on April 8, 1580, and passing on April 10, 1630, was a profoundly influential English nobleman, a skilled politician, and a prominent courtier whose life spanned the transition from the Elizabethan era into the Jacobean and early Caroline periods. His family seat, the magnificent Wilton House in Wiltshire, served not only as a symbol of his considerable status but also as a hub of cultural and political activity. Herbert's multifaceted career saw him navigate the intricate world of court politics, champion education, and leave an indelible mark on English literature, most notably through his association with William Shakespeare.

A Life of Public Service and Courtly Influence

Herbert's journey through public life was distinguished by a series of significant appointments that underscored his standing and the trust placed in him by the Crown. These roles positioned him at the heart of England's administration and courtly affairs.

Key Appointments and Responsibilities

Warden of the Forest of Dean and Constable of St Briavels Castle (1608):
In 1608, Herbert was appointed to these crucial positions in Gloucestershire. The role of Warden of the Forest of Dean involved managing vast royal lands and resources, while Constable of St Briavels Castle represented a position of local authority and defense, both of which he held continuously until his death. These appointments showcased his practical administrative capabilities and his importance in regional governance.
Governor of Portsmouth (1609):
The following year, 1609, brought another vital strategic command: Governor of Portsmouth. As the head of one of England's most important naval ports, Herbert was responsible for its security and operational readiness, a testament to his perceived loyalty and competence. Like his other appointments from this period, he retained this office until his passing.
Lord Chamberlain (1615–1625):
Perhaps his most prominent and influential court role was as Lord Chamberlain. Serving from 1615 to 1625, Herbert was at the very core of the royal household. This esteemed office involved overseeing the King's personal staff, managing court ceremonies, and acting as a crucial intermediary between the monarch and his courtiers. It was a position that required significant political acumen, diplomatic skill, and often involved the patronage of the arts and culture at court, placing him in an ideal position to influence the cultural landscape of the time.

Patron of Learning: The Oxford Connection

William Herbert's legacy is also deeply intertwined with the intellectual life of England, particularly through his profound connection to the University of Oxford.

A Champion of the Arts: The Shakespeare Legacy

Among all his accomplishments, William Herbert is arguably most celebrated for his significant role in the preservation of English literature, particularly the works of William Shakespeare.

The First Folio Dedication

In 1623, a year of immense importance for the literary world, the seminal collection known as the First Folio of William Shakespeare's plays was dedicated to William Herbert and his younger brother, Philip Herbert, 1st Earl of Montgomery (who would later succeed him as the 4th Earl of Pembroke). This dedication, penned by Shakespeare's close colleagues John Heminge and Henry Condell, explicitly acknowledged the brothers' generous patronage and their instrumental efforts in bringing together and publishing a comprehensive collection of thirty-six of Shakespeare's plays. Without their support, dedication, and presumably financial backing, many of these iconic works might have been lost to posterity, cementing the Herbert brothers' enduring place as indispensable figures in the annals of English literary and theatrical history. Their actions ensured that future generations would inherit the full breadth of Shakespeare's genius, solidifying William Herbert's reputation not just as a statesman but as a vital cultural patron.


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Who was William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke?
William Herbert was a prominent English nobleman, politician, and courtier who lived from 1580 to 1630. He was a significant figure during the reigns of James I and Charles I, known for his administrative roles, patronage of education, and vital connection to Shakespeare's literary legacy.
What was his connection to the University of Oxford?
He served as the Chancellor of the University of Oxford and, notably, co-founded Pembroke College in 1624 alongside King James I, underscoring his deep commitment to academic institutions.
How was William Herbert involved with William Shakespeare?
William Herbert and his brother, Philip Herbert, were the dedicatees of the First Folio of Shakespeare's plays in 1623. This dedication acknowledged their patronage and crucial role in preserving a collected edition of Shakespeare's works, ensuring their survival for future generations.
What important political offices did he hold?
He held several key positions, including Warden of the Forest of Dean, Constable of St Briavels Castle (both from 1608), Governor of Portsmouth (from 1609), and most notably, Lord Chamberlain from 1615 to 1625. He retained the first three offices until his death.
Where was William Herbert's family home?
His family seat was Wilton House in Wiltshire, a grand estate that reflected his family's considerable social and political standing.