Joshua Lionel Cowen, American businessman, co-founded the Lionel Corporation (d. 1965)

Joshua Lionel Cowen (; August 25, 1877 – September 8, 1965) was an American inventor and the co-founder of Lionel Corporation, a manufacturer of model railroads and toy trains.

Cowen also invented the flash-lamp in 1899, an early photographer's flash light source.