January 23 in History

Historical Events on January 23

393

Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
971

Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
1264

In the conflict between King Henry III of England and his rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, King Louis IX of France issues the Mise of Amiens, a one-sided decision in favour of Henry that later leads to the Second Barons' War.
1368

In a coronation ceremony, Zhu Yuanzhang ascends the throne of China as the Hongwu Emperor, initiating Ming dynasty rule over China that would last for three centuries.
1546

Having published nothing for eleven years, François Rabelais publishes the Tiers Livre, his sequel to Gargantua and Pantagruel.
1556

The deadliest earthquake in history, the Shaanxi earthquake, hits Shaanxi province, China. The death toll may have been as high as 830,000.
1570

James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, regent for the infant King James VI of Scotland, is assassinated by firearm, the first recorded instance of such.
1571

The Royal Exchange opens in London.
1579

The Union of Utrecht forms a Protestant republic in the Netherlands.
1656

Blaise Pascal publishes the first of his Lettres provinciales.
1719

The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire.
1789

Georgetown College, the first Catholic university in the United States, is founded in Georgetown, Maryland (now a part of Washington, D.C.)
1793

Second Partition of Poland.
1795

After an extraordinary charge across the frozen Zuiderzee, the French cavalry captured 14 Dutch ships and 850 guns, in a rare occurrence of a battle between ships and cavalry
1846

Slavery in Tunisia is abolished.
1849

Elizabeth Blackwell is awarded her M.D. by the Geneva Medical College of Geneva, New York, becoming the United States' first female doctor.
1870

In Montana, U.S. cavalrymen kill 173 Native Americans, mostly women and children, in what becomes known as the Marias Massacre.
1879

Anglo-Zulu War: the Battle of Rorke's Drift ends.
1899

The Malolos Constitution is inaugurated, establishing the First Philippine Republic.
1899

Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in as President of the First Philippine Republic.
1900

Second Boer War: The Battle of Spion Kop between the forces of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State and British forces ends in a British defeat.
1904

Ålesund Fire: the Norwegian coastal town Ålesund is devastated by fire, leaving 10,000 people homeless and one person dead. Kaiser Wilhelm II funds the rebuilding of the town in Jugendstil style.
1909

RMS Republic, a passenger ship of the White Star Line, becomes the first ship to use the CQD distress signal after colliding with another ship, the SS Florida, off the Massachusetts coastline, an event that kills six people. The Republic sinks the next day.
1912

The International Opium Convention is signed at The Hague.
1920

The Netherlands refuses to surrender the exiled Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany to the Allies.
1937

The trial of the anti-Soviet Trotskyist center sees seventeen mid-level Communists accused of sympathizing with Leon Trotsky and plotting to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime.
1941

Charles Lindbergh testifies before the U.S. Congress and recommends that the United States negotiate a neutrality pact with Adolf Hitler.
1942

World War II: The Battle of Rabaul commences Japan's invasion of Australia's Territory of New Guinea.
1943

World War II: Troops of Montgomery's Eighth Army capture Tripoli in Libya from the German-Italian Panzer Army.
1943

World War II: Australian and American forces defeat Japanese army and navy units in the bitterly-fought Battle of Buna-Gona.
1945

World War II: German admiral Karl Dönitz launches Operation Hannibal.
1950

The Knesset resolves that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.
1957

American inventor Walter Frederick Morrison sells the rights to his flying disc to the Wham-O toy company, which later renames it the "Frisbee".
1958

After a general uprising and rioting in the streets, President Marcos Pérez Jiménez leaves Venezuela.
1960

The bathyscaphe USS Trieste breaks a depth record by descending to 10,911 metres (35,797 ft) in the Pacific Ocean.
1961

The Portuguese luxury cruise ship Santa Maria is hijacked by opponents of the Estado Novo regime with the intention of waging war until dictator António de Oliveira Salazar is overthrown.
1963

The Guinea-Bissau War of Independence officially begins when PAIGC guerrilla fighters attack the Portuguese army stationed in Tite.
1964

The 24th Amendment to the United States Constitution, prohibiting the use of poll taxes in national elections, is ratified.
1967

Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Ivory Coast are established.
1967

Milton Keynes (England) is founded as a new town by Order in Council, with a planning brief to become a city of 250,000 people. Its initial designated area enclosed three existing towns and twenty one villages. The area to be developed was largely farmland, with evidence of continuous settlement dating back to the Bronze Age.
1973

United States President Richard Nixon announces that a peace accord has been reached in Vietnam.
1986

The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducts its first members: Little Richard, Chuck Berry, James Brown, Ray Charles, Sam Cooke, Fats Domino, The Everly Brothers, Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis and Elvis Presley.
1997

Madeleine Albright becomes the first woman to serve as United States Secretary of State.
1998

Netscape announced Mozilla, with the intention to release Communicator code as open source.
2001

Five people attempt to set themselves on fire in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, an act that many people later claim is staged by the Communist Party of China to frame Falun Gong and thus escalate their persecution.
2002

U.S. journalist Daniel Pearl is kidnapped in Karachi, Pakistan and subsequently murdered.
2003

A very weak signal from Pioneer 10 is detected for the last time, but no usable data can be extracted.

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