July 12 in History

Historical Events on July 12

AD 70

The armies of Titus attack the walls of Jerusalem after six months of battle. Three days later they breach the walls, which enables the army to destroy the Second Temple.
927

King Constantine II of Scotland, King Hywel Dda of Deheubarth, Ealdred of Bamburgh and King Owain of the Cumbrians accepted the overlordship of King Æthelstan of England, leading to seven years of peace in the north.
1191

Third Crusade: Saladin's garrison surrenders to Philip Augustus, ending the two-year siege of Acre.
1470

The Ottomans capture Euboea.
1493

Hartmann Schedel's Nuremberg Chronicle, one of the best-documented early printed books, is published.
1527

Lê Cung Hoàng ceded the throne to Mạc Đăng Dung, ending the Lê dynasty and starting the Mạc dynasty.
1543

King Henry VIII of England marries his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr, at Hampton Court Palace.
1561

Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is consecrated.
1562

Fray Diego de Landa, acting Bishop of Yucatán, burns the sacred books of the Maya.
1580

The Ostrog Bible, one of the early printed Bibles in a Slavic language, is published.
1690

Battle of the Boyne (Gregorian calendar): The armies of William III defeat those of the former James II.
1691

Battle of Aughrim (Julian calendar): The decisive victory of William III of England's forces in Ireland.
1776

Captain James Cook begins his third voyage.
1789

In response to the dismissal of the French finance minister Jacques Necker, the radical journalist Camille Desmoulins gives a speech which results in the storming of the Bastille two days later.
1790

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is passed in France by the National Constituent Assembly.
1799

Ranjit Singh conquers Lahore and becomes Maharaja of the Punjab (Sikh Empire).
1801

British ships inflict heavy damage on Spanish and French ships in the Second Battle of Algeciras.
1804

Former United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton dies a day after being shot in a duel.
1806

Sixteen German imperial states leave the Holy Roman Empire and form the Confederation of the Rhine.
1812

The American Army of the Northwest briefly occupies the Upper Canadian settlement at what is now at Windsor, Ontario.
1862

The Medal of Honor is authorized by the United States Congress.
1913

Serbian forces begin their siege of the Bulgarian city of Vidin; the siege is later called off when the war ends.
1917

The Bisbee Deportation occurs as vigilantes kidnap and deport nearly 1,300 striking miners and others from Bisbee, Arizona.
1918

The Imperial Japanese Navy battleship Kawachi blows up at Shunan, western Honshu, Japan, killing at least 621.
1920

The Soviet-Lithuanian Peace Treaty is signed, by which Soviet Russia recognizes the independence of Lithuania.
1943

German and Soviet forces engage in one of the largest armored engagements of all time.
1948

Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion orders the expulsion of Palestinians from the towns of Lod and Ramla.
1960

Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded.
1961

Pune floods due to failure of the Khadakwasla and Panshet dams, killing at least two thousand people.
1962

The Rolling Stones perform their first concert, at London's Marquee Club.
1963

Pauline Reade (16 years old) disappears in Gorton, England, the first victim in the Moors murders.
1967

Riots begin in Newark, New Jersey.
1971

The Australian Aboriginal Flag is flown for the first time.
1973

A fire destroys the entire sixth floor of the National Personnel Records Center of the United States.
1975

São Tomé and Príncipe declare independence from Portugal.
1979

The island nation of Kiribati becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
2006

Hezbollah initiates Operation True Promise.
2006

Lebanon-Israel war begins.
2007

U.S. Army Apache helicopters perform airstrikes in Baghdad, Iraq; footage from the cockpit is later leaked to the Internet.
2012

The Turaymisah massacre kills 250 people during a Syrian military operation in a village within the Hama Governorate.
2012

A tank truck explosion kills more than 100 people in Okobie, Nigeria.
2013

Six people are killed and 200 injured in a French passenger train derailment in Brétigny-sur-Orge.

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