Births on February 13

Bess Truman, American wife of Harry S. Truman, 35th First Lady of the United States (d. 1982)

Elizabeth Virginia Truman (née Wallace), universally known as Bess Truman, led a life deeply intertwined with American history. Born on February 13, 1885, she would ultimately become the wife of the 33rd U.S. President, Harry S. Truman, and serve as the First Lady of the United States from 1945 to 1953. Her tenure coincided with a pivotal era, encompassing the end of World War II, the dawn of the Cold War, and significant domestic policy changes like the Marshall Plan and the Fair Deal. Her journey to the White House was preceded by a brief but notable period as the Second Lady of the United States, from January to April 1945, during her husband's vice-presidency under Franklin D. Roosevelt. A woman of quiet strength and steadfast principle, Bess Truman's story is one of enduring partnership, a preference for privacy amidst public duty, and an unwavering connection to her Missouri roots.

Early Life and Enduring Partnership

Childhood Sweethearts in Independence, Missouri

Bess Wallace's roots were firmly planted in Independence, Missouri, where she was born into a prominent family. It was in this very town that her destiny would intertwine with that of Harry S. Truman. Their connection was remarkably long-standing; they knew each other from childhood, attending the same schools, including Independence High School. Harry Truman was reportedly smitten with Bess from their earliest encounters, describing her as having "golden hair and the prettiest blue eyes." Their courtship, however, was a protracted affair, punctuated by Harry's service in World War I and his efforts to establish himself professionally. They eventually married on June 28, 1919, building a partnership that would last over five decades and weather the immense pressures of public life, including a failed haberdashery and the eventual ascent to the nation's highest office.

The Role of First Lady: A Private Person in a Public Spotlight

From Second Lady to First Lady: A Swift Transition

Bess Truman's public service began as the Second Lady, a role she assumed in January 1945 when her husband became Vice President to Franklin D. Roosevelt. This period was incredibly short-lived. Following President Roosevelt's sudden death on April 12, 1945, Harry S. Truman was thrust into the presidency, making Bess the First Lady. This swift and unexpected transition placed immense responsibilities on her shoulders during a tumultuous global period.

A Reserved Demeanor in the White House

Unlike some of her predecessors or successors, Bess Truman was notably reserved and private. She never fully embraced the relentless social and political demands that came with being the First Lady of the United States. She preferred the quieter life of Independence, Missouri, to the constant scrutiny and ceremonial duties of Washington, D.C. While she competently fulfilled her official obligations, hosting teas, attending diplomatic events, and overseeing White House functions, she did so with a quiet dignity, prioritizing her family and personal life whenever possible. She famously minimized her public appearances and avoided giving press conferences, earning her the nickname "the silent partner." Her approach to the role contrasted sharply with the more public and politically active First Ladies that would follow, reflecting her strong desire to maintain a semblance of normalcy and privacy for herself and her daughter, Margaret Truman Daniel, amidst the unparalleled intensity of the presidency.

Valued Advisor Behind the Scenes

Despite her public reserve, Bess Truman was an indispensable and trusted advisor to President Truman. He highly valued her judgment and often discussed official matters with her, relying on her common sense and practicality. Her influence, though often unseen by the public, was significant in shaping his decisions and providing him with critical emotional support during some of the most challenging years in American history.

The Relief of Returning Home and a Lasting Legacy

A Return to Independence, Missouri

At the conclusion of President Truman's term in January 1953, Bess Truman expressed profound relief at the prospect of leaving Washington, D.C., and returning to her beloved Independence, Missouri. This desire underscored her lifelong preference for a more private existence away from the political spotlight. Her return home marked the beginning of a long and contented retirement, where she could finally enjoy the domestic life she always cherished, surrounded by family and the familiar comforts of her hometown.

Record-Setting Longevity

Bess Truman holds a distinguished place in American history for her remarkable longevity. She lived to be 97 years and 247 days old, making her the longest-lived First Lady and, by extension, the longest-lived Second Lady in the history of the United States. This extraordinary lifespan allowed her to witness many changes in the nation she served and to enjoy a prolonged retirement following her demanding years in the White House. She passed away on October 18, 1982, in Independence, Missouri, the town that was always her true home.

Frequently Asked Questions about Bess Truman

When was Bess Truman born and when did she pass away?

Elizabeth Virginia Truman (née Wallace) was born on February 13, 1885, and passed away on October 18, 1982.

How long did Bess Truman serve as First Lady?

She served as the First Lady of the United States from April 12, 1945, to January 20, 1953, a period of nearly eight years, coinciding with President Harry S. Truman's two terms in office.

What was Bess Truman's approach to her role as First Lady?

Bess Truman was known for her reserved and private nature. She performed her official duties with dignity but largely avoided the public spotlight, preferring a quieter, more domestic life away from the political scene in Washington, D.C.

What record does Bess Truman hold?

Bess Truman holds the record for being the longest-lived First Lady and the longest-lived Second Lady in U.S. history, living to the age of 97 years and 247 days.

Where did Bess Truman spend most of her life?

Bess Truman maintained a lifelong connection to Independence, Missouri, where she was born, raised, married, and eventually returned to live out her retirement until her death.