Deaths on February 20

Alexander Haig, American general and politician, 59th United States Secretary of State (b. 1924)

Alexander Meigs Haig Jr.: A Life of Service and Command

Alexander Meigs Haig Jr., born on December 2, 1924, in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, was a formidable figure whose career spanned both the highest echelons of the U.S. military and critical cabinet-level positions in American government. Known for his unwavering resolve and strategic mind, Haig left an indelible mark on 20th-century American politics and international relations, serving as the United States Secretary of State under President Ronald Reagan and as the White House Chief of Staff for Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. His journey was one of consistent ascent, characterized by leadership during moments of national crisis and significant global events, until his passing on February 20, 2010.

From West Point to Wartime Valor

Haig’s path to national prominence began with a foundational education at the United States Military Academy, from which he graduated. His early military career was quickly put to the test during the Korean War, where he demonstrated his capabilities as an aide to distinguished officers like General Alonzo Patrick Fox and General Edward Almond. This initial exposure to high-level strategic planning and command set the stage for his future roles. Following his service in Korea, Haig continued to gain invaluable experience, notably serving as an aide to Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, a period that offered him a unique perspective on the intersection of military strategy and political leadership during the Cold War era.

A Decorated Officer in Vietnam and Beyond

The Vietnam War saw Haig on the front lines, where he commanded both a battalion and later a brigade within the elite 1st Infantry Division. His bravery and effectiveness in combat were widely recognized, earning him several of the nation's most prestigious military honors. Among these were the Distinguished Service Cross, the Silver Star with oak leaf cluster—a testament to multiple acts of valor—and the Purple Heart, awarded for wounds sustained in service. These decorations underscored his courage and commitment as a combat leader, building a reputation that would soon propel him into the highest ranks of military and civilian leadership. By 1973, Haig had achieved the remarkable distinction of becoming the youngest four-star general in the U.S. Army's history, a testament to his rapid and impactful ascent.

Navigating the White House Through Turmoil: Nixon and Watergate

Haig's transition from decorated general to key political operative began in 1969 when he became an assistant to National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger, a role that deepened his involvement in foreign policy. His ascent continued swiftly, and by 1972, he held the second-highest-ranking position in the Army as its Vice Chief of Staff. However, perhaps his most defining, albeit challenging, political role came in 1973. Following the resignation of H. R. Haldeman amidst the burgeoning Watergate scandal, President Richard Nixon appointed Haig as his Chief of Staff. In this capacity, Haig became an immensely influential figure during the final, tumultuous months of Nixon's presidency. He played a crucial, often understated, role in navigating the crisis, and many credit him with helping to persuade Nixon to resign in August 1974, ensuring a relatively smooth transition of power. Haig continued to serve as Chief of Staff for the initial month of President Gerald Ford's administration, providing essential continuity during a period of national uncertainty.

Leading NATO Forces in Europe

After his critical service in the White House, Haig returned to military command on the global stage. From 1974 to 1979, he held the esteemed position of Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), where he commanded all NATO forces across Europe. This role placed him at the forefront of Cold War defense strategy, overseeing the readiness and operations of a vast multinational military alliance. His tenure as SACEUR solidified his reputation as a skilled diplomat and a strong advocate for a robust Western defense. Upon retiring from the Army in 1979, Haig briefly explored a career in business, leveraging his extensive experience in leadership and international affairs.

Secretary of State: Diplomacy and Controversy under Reagan

Haig's return to the political arena came with the 1980 presidential election. After Ronald Reagan's victory, Haig was nominated and confirmed as his Secretary of State, the nation's chief diplomat. His time in this role, though relatively short, was marked by significant events and one particularly memorable incident. Following the attempted assassination of President Reagan in March 1981, Haig famously declared, "I am in control here." This statement, made during a moment of high tension and uncertainty, was widely misinterpreted at the time as an assertion of presidential succession, a role he did not legally hold (the Speaker of the House and President pro tempore of the Senate precede the Secretary of State in the line of succession after the Vice President). Haig later clarified that he meant he was functionally in control of the government operations at the White House in the immediate aftermath of the shooting, ensuring stability and coordination. His diplomatic skills were also tested during the Falklands War in 1982, where he diligently sought to broker a peace agreement between the United Kingdom and Argentina, demonstrating his commitment to international stability. However, policy disagreements led to his resignation from Reagan's cabinet in July 1982.

Later Years and Legacy

After his departure from the State Department, Alexander Haig continued to be an active public figure. He unsuccessfully sought the Republican presidential nomination in the 1988 primaries, attempting to translate his distinguished career into a bid for the nation's highest office. In his later years, he served as the head of a successful consulting firm, offering strategic advice based on his vast experience. He also hosted the television program "World Business Review," providing insights into global economic and political trends. Alexander Haig Jr. passed away on February 20, 2010, leaving behind a legacy as a dedicated military leader and a prominent statesman who served his country through some of its most challenging periods. His career reflects a commitment to service, from the battlefields of Korea and Vietnam to the corridors of the White House and the international stage of diplomacy.

Frequently Asked Questions About Alexander Meigs Haig Jr.

Who was Alexander Haig Jr.?

Alexander Meigs Haig Jr. was a highly decorated American military general and statesman who held key positions in U.S. government, including White House Chief of Staff under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, and U.S. Secretary of State under President Ronald Reagan.

What were Alexander Haig's most prominent military achievements?

Haig served with distinction in the Korean and Vietnam Wars, earning the Distinguished Service Cross, Silver Star with oak leaf cluster, and Purple Heart. He became the youngest four-star general in U.S. Army history in 1973 and later served as Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), commanding all NATO forces in Europe.

What was Alexander Haig's role during the Watergate scandal?

As White House Chief of Staff under President Nixon, Haig played a pivotal role in the final months of Nixon's presidency during the Watergate scandal. He was instrumental in managing the crisis and is often credited with helping to persuade Nixon to resign in August 1974.

What is the significance of "I am in control here"?

This famous statement was made by Haig during a press conference following the attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan in 1981. While widely misinterpreted as an assertion of presidential succession, Haig later clarified he meant he was functionally in control of the White House's operations to ensure stability during the immediate crisis.

When did Alexander Haig serve as Secretary of State?

He served as the United States Secretary of State from 1981 to 1982, during the administration of President Ronald Reagan. During this time, he was involved in international diplomacy, including efforts to mediate the Falklands War.

Did Alexander Haig run for president?

Yes, after leaving the Reagan administration, Alexander Haig unsuccessfully sought the Republican presidential nomination in the 1988 primaries.