Stéphane Hessel, German-French diplomat and author (b. 1917)

Stéphane Frédéric Hessel, born on October 20, 1917, was a towering figure whose life trajectory spanned an incredible array of roles: diplomat, ambassador, acclaimed writer, courageous concentration camp survivor, dedicated French Resistance member, and an agent for the clandestine BCRA. His journey began in Germany, but his destiny intertwined with France when he became a naturalised French citizen in 1939, just as Europe teetered on the brink of World War II. Hessel’s story is a profound testament to resilience, a commitment to human dignity, and a lifelong dedication to justice.

A Life Forged in Resistance and Diplomacy

Hessel’s early commitment to his adopted homeland was demonstrated through his harrowing experiences during World War II. He became an active member of the French Resistance, a dangerous and vital underground movement fighting against Nazi occupation. His bravery led him to serve as an agent for the Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action (BCRA), Charles de Gaulle’s Free French intelligence agency, undertaking perilous missions. This courageous work, however, came at a tremendous personal cost, as he was eventually captured and endured the unspeakable horrors of a concentration camp, a period that undoubtedly shaped his profound belief in human rights.

Following the devastation of the war, Hessel transitioned into a distinguished diplomatic career, embodying the post-war vision for a more peaceful and just world. A pivotal moment in his early diplomatic life was his role as an observer during the crucial editing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. This landmark document, drafted by the newly formed United Nations, sought to establish a universal standard of fundamental rights for all people, and Hessel’s presence at its inception speaks volumes about his early commitment to its principles and the enduring impact it had on his worldview. He worked tirelessly as a diplomat and ambassador, always striving to uphold the ideals of international cooperation and human dignity that emerged from the ashes of conflict.

The Voice of Conscience: Later Activism and Global Impact

Even in his later years, Hessel remained a tireless activist, his passion for justice undiminished. In 2011, his significant contributions to global thought were recognised when Foreign Policy magazine named him in its prestigious list of top global thinkers. His activism in this period sharpened its focus on critical contemporary issues: the growing chasm of economic inequalities, the complex and persistent Israeli/Palestinian conflict, and a fervent call for the protection of the post-World War II social vision—a vision that prioritised social welfare, collective responsibility, and international solidarity. Hessel warned against the erosion of these foundational principles, which he believed were essential for a stable and just society.

It was his short, powerful book, "Time for Outrage!" (originally published in French as "Indignez-vous!"), that truly propelled him into the global spotlight as an inspirational figure. This slim volume, a passionate plea for civic engagement and a rejection of apathy, resonated deeply with millions. It sold an astonishing 4.5 million copies worldwide, far exceeding anyone's expectations for a philosophical essay. The book's message—a call to confront injustice and speak out—struck a chord with people across continents. Hessel and his book were widely linked and cited as a profound inspiration for a range of burgeoning social and political movements. From the Spanish Indignados, who protested austerity and political corruption, to the widespread calls for reform during the Arab Spring, and the American Occupy Wall Street movement, which challenged corporate power and economic inequality, "Time for Outrage!" served as a powerful rallying cry, reminding people that indignation is the beginning of engagement.

Legacy and Enduring Influence

Stéphane Frédéric Hessel passed away on February 26, 2013, at the remarkable age of 95. His life, stretching from the early 20th century through to the early 21st, was a profound testament to the power of principled action and unwavering commitment. From surviving the horrors of war and contributing to the bedrock of modern human rights with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, to inspiring new generations of activists with his call for outrage against injustice, Hessel’s legacy continues to resonate. His work reminds us that the fight for a just and humane world is a continuous endeavor, requiring constant vigilance and the courage to speak truth to power. He remains an enduring symbol of conscience and the belief that every individual has a role to play in shaping a better future.

Frequently Asked Questions about Stéphane Hessel

Who was Stéphane Hessel?
Stéphane Hessel (October 20, 1917 – February 26, 2013) was a French diplomat, ambassador, writer, a survivor of concentration camps, and a member of the French Resistance during World War II. He became a significant human rights activist and public intellectual in his later years.
What was Stéphane Hessel's role in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
Stéphane Hessel served as an observer during the drafting and editing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948. This early involvement cemented his lifelong commitment to human rights and international law.
What book is Stéphane Hessel famous for?
Stéphane Hessel is most famous for his short, influential book "Time for Outrage!" (originally "Indignez-vous!"), published in 2010. This book sold millions of copies worldwide and became an inspiration for various global protest movements like the Indignados and Occupy Wall Street.
What were Stéphane Hessel's main areas of activism?
In his later years, Hessel's activism focused on three primary areas: addressing economic inequalities, advocating for a resolution to the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, and defending the social vision that emerged post-World War II, which included strong social safety nets and international cooperation.
Was Stéphane Hessel a concentration camp survivor?
Yes, Stéphane Hessel was arrested during World War II for his involvement with the French Resistance and was deported to concentration camps, including Buchenwald, from which he later escaped.