Haskell Wexler, American director, producer, and cinematographer (d. 2015)

Haskell Wexler, ASC (born February 6, 1922, died December 27, 2015) was a monumental figure in American cinema, renowned for his multifaceted contributions as an innovative cinematographer, influential film producer, and groundbreaking director. A true artist of light and shadow, Wexler's career spanned decades, leaving an indelible mark on the visual storytelling landscape of Hollywood and beyond.

His profound impact on the craft of filmmaking was officially recognized when a comprehensive survey conducted among members of the prestigious International Cinematographers Guild identified him as one of film history's ten most influential cinematographers. This esteemed recognition underscores his pioneering spirit and the lasting legacy of his visual style.

Wexler's exceptional talent was repeatedly acknowledged by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He earned the coveted Academy Award for Best Cinematography twice over his distinguished career, securing victories in 1966 and 1976. These two wins came from a total of five nominations, a testament to his consistent excellence and innovative approach to visual storytelling.

The Visionary Eye: Haskell Wexler's Cinematography

Haskell Wexler's approach to cinematography was revolutionary. He was a staunch advocate for realism, often favoring available light and a documentary-style aesthetic that brought an unprecedented authenticity to his fictional narratives. This commitment to visual truth made his films feel raw, immediate, and deeply impactful. His contributions extended beyond mere technical proficiency; he wielded the camera as a tool for social commentary, using his art to challenge norms and provoke thought.

His first Academy Award for Best Cinematography was for Mike Nichols' 1966 drama, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?. In this landmark film, Wexler masterfully utilized high-contrast black and white photography, employing harsh lighting and deep shadows to amplify the psychological tension and claustrophobic atmosphere of the narrative. This visual choice perfectly complemented the film's intense verbal sparring and raw emotional performances, demonstrating how cinematography could become an integral part of the character and plot development.

A decade later, in 1976, Wexler earned his second Oscar for Hal Ashby's biopic, Bound for Glory. For this film, which chronicled the life of folk singer Woody Guthrie, Wexler opted for a more naturalistic, sun-drenched palette, evoking the dust bowl era with evocative landscapes and intimate portraits. His work on Bound for Glory is particularly noted for its innovative use of Steadicam, a then-novel technology that allowed for exceptionally smooth and fluid camera movements, further immersing the audience in the historical setting and characters' journeys.

Beyond his winning films, Wexler received three other Academy Award nominations for Best Cinematography, further cementing his reputation as a master craftsman:

Beyond Cinematography: Director and Producer

Haskell Wexler's creative ambition extended beyond the camera. He also made significant contributions as a film producer and director. His 1969 directorial debut, Medium Cool, is a quintessential example of his socially conscious filmmaking. This groundbreaking film blurred the lines between fiction and documentary, famously incorporating real footage from the turbulent 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, including police brutality and anti-war protests. Medium Cool remains a vital piece of cinema history, showcasing Wexler's unwavering commitment to political activism and his innovative approach to narrative structure.

A Legacy of Influence and Activism

Haskell Wexler's legacy is not just defined by his technical prowess or his numerous accolades, but also by his deep-seated commitment to social justice. He often used his platform and his art to address pressing political and social issues, from civil rights to the Vietnam War, and later, environmental concerns. His work consistently challenged audiences to look beyond the surface, pushing the boundaries of what cinema could achieve both aesthetically and thematically. He was a lifelong advocate for artistic freedom and integrity, inspiring generations of filmmakers to use their craft to tell meaningful stories and effect change.

Frequently Asked Questions About Haskell Wexler

What made Haskell Wexler one of the most influential cinematographers?
Haskell Wexler's influence stemmed from his groundbreaking commitment to realism, his innovative use of natural and available light, and his pioneering adoption of techniques like the Steadicam. He was also highly influential for his willingness to break conventional rules to serve the story and his profound use of cinematography as a tool for social commentary, making his films feel uniquely authentic and impactful.
Which films did Haskell Wexler win Academy Awards for?
Haskell Wexler won two Academy Awards for Best Cinematography. The first was in 1966 for the stark black-and-white photography in Mike Nichols' Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?. His second win came in 1976 for the evocative, naturalistic visuals of Hal Ashby's folk music biopic, Bound for Glory.
Was Haskell Wexler known for his political activism?
Yes, Haskell Wexler was a prominent and lifelong political activist. His activism deeply influenced his filmmaking, leading him to create works like his directorial debut Medium Cool, which blended fiction with documentary footage of political protests. He consistently used his art and voice to address social justice issues, making him a unique figure in Hollywood who seamlessly integrated his craft with his convictions.