Births on February 6

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Pakistani politician and diplomat, 1st Minister of Foreign Affairs for Pakistan (d. 1985)

Chaudhry Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan (Urdu: محمد ظفر اللہ خان‎; 6 February 1893 – 1 September 1985) was an exceptional Pakistani jurist, diplomat, and statesman whose distinguished career spanned crucial periods in Pakistan's nascent history and global diplomacy. Revered as one of the leading founding fathers of Pakistan, Khan's unparalleled contributions left an indelible mark on both his nation and the international legal and political landscape.

A Visionary Architect of Pakistan

Born on 6 February 1893, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan's intellectual prowess and commitment to justice were evident early in his life. His pivotal role in the struggle for an independent Muslim state was instrumental. As a staunch and vocal proponent for the creation of Pakistan, he played a crucial part in articulating the case for a separate homeland for Muslims in British India.

Perhaps one of his most significant pre-independence contributions was his advocacy before the Radcliffe Commission. This boundary commission, tasked with demarcating the borders between the newly formed nations of India and Pakistan in 1947, was a contentious and critical body. Khan's compelling arguments and legal acumen were vital in representing the interests and aspirations of the Muslim community, directly influencing the geographical contours of modern-day South Asia.

Pakistan's First Foreign Minister

Following the tumultuous events of August 1947 and the birth of Pakistan, Chaudhry Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan swiftly moved to Karachi, the then-capital, to contribute to the nation-building process. He was immediately inducted into Pakistan's first cabinet under the leadership of Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan, assuming the crucial portfolio of the country's debut Foreign Minister. This role was paramount for a newly independent state, as it involved establishing diplomatic relations, asserting sovereignty on the global stage, and navigating complex post-partition challenges.

Serving as Pakistan's chief diplomat until 1954, Khan was instrumental in shaping the young nation's foreign policy, advocating for its interests in international forums, and laying the groundwork for its future diplomatic engagements.

An Unprecedented International Career

Zafarullah Khan's career transcended national boundaries, culminating in an extraordinary series of appointments within the United Nations system. His unparalleled distinction lies in being the only person to date to have presided over both the United Nations General Assembly and the International Court of Justice, the principal judicial organ of the UN.

• International Court of Justice (ICJ): In 1954, Khan transitioned from his role as Foreign Minister to serve as a Judge on the International Court of Justice in The Hague. His deep understanding of international law and jurisprudence made him a highly respected figure on the bench. He served as a judge until 1958, subsequently elevating to the esteemed position of the court's Vice President, a role he held until 1961. His tenure at the ICJ showcased his commitment to global justice and the peaceful resolution of international disputes.
• President of the UN General Assembly: From 1961 to 1964, Khan served as the Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations. During this period, he achieved another monumental feat: he was elected President of the 17th session of the UN General Assembly (1962-1963). Presiding over the main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ of the United Nations is a testament to his diplomatic prowess and the high regard in which he was held by the international community.
• Representation of Palestine: Notably, during his time at the United Nations, Chaudhry Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan also undertook the significant responsibility of representing the State of Palestine in a de facto capacity. This was a crucial period for the Palestinian cause, and his articulate advocacy provided an important voice for their self-determination and rights on the global stage, long before the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) gained observer status at the UN.
• President of the ICJ (Second Term): In 1964, Khan returned to the International Court of Justice, reinforcing his dedication to international law. In 1970, he made history once more by becoming the first and, to date, only Pakistani to serve as the President of the International Court of Justice. He held this pinnacle judicial position until 1973, overseeing complex international cases and contributing profoundly to the development of international legal principles.

A Prolific Author and Enduring Legacy

Beyond his distinguished legal and diplomatic career, Chaudhry Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan was also a profound intellectual and author. He penned several influential books on Islamic philosophy and principles, demonstrating his deep spiritual understanding and scholarly pursuits. These works, written in both Urdu and English, offer valuable insights into Islamic thought and remain an important part of his enduring legacy.

After a life dedicated to public service, he returned to Pakistan, retiring in Lahore, where he passed away on 1 September 1985, at the age of 92. His passing marked the end of an era for a figure who was not only a prominent statesman but also a beacon of justice and diplomacy on the world stage. Chaudhry Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan is rightfully celebrated as a foundational figure in Pakistan's history and a global luminary whose contributions continue to resonate.

Frequently Asked Questions About Chaudhry Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

Who was Chaudhry Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan?

Chaudhry Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan was a distinguished Pakistani jurist, diplomat, and statesman, widely regarded as one of Pakistan's founding fathers. He served as Pakistan's first Foreign Minister and held the unique distinction of presiding over both the UN General Assembly and the International Court of Justice.

What was his role in the creation of Pakistan?

He was a vocal proponent for the creation of Pakistan and played a critical role in advocating for the Muslim League's position before the Radcliffe Commission, which delineated the boundaries of Pakistan and India.

What significant international positions did he hold?

He served as a Judge, Vice President, and later President of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Additionally, he was elected President of the 17th session of the United Nations General Assembly (1962-1963). He is the only person to date to have held both these presidencies.

Did he represent the State of Palestine?

Yes, during his tenure as Pakistan's Permanent Representative to the UN, he notably represented the State of Palestine in a de facto capacity, advocating for their rights on the international stage.

What was his literary contribution?

He authored several significant books on Islam, written in both Urdu and English, reflecting his profound understanding of Islamic philosophy and principles.