Hyrum Smith, American religious leader (d. 1844)

Hyrum Smith (February 9, 1800 – June 27, 1844) was a pivotal figure and revered American religious leader within the foundational structure of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Born in Tunbridge, Vermont, he was the elder brother and an unyielding confidant to Joseph Smith, the visionary founder of the burgeoning Latter Day Saint movement.

As a prominent leader, Hyrum Smith held several crucial offices, demonstrating his deep commitment and influence. He served as the Assistant President of the Church, a position of immense responsibility that placed him second only to his brother, Joseph. Additionally, he was ordained as the second Patriarch to the Church, succeeding his father, Joseph Smith Sr. This role involved bestowing blessings upon members, offering spiritual guidance, and strengthening faith within the rapidly growing community. His unwavering dedication was further exemplified by his role as one of the Eight Witnesses to the Book of Mormon, attesting to its tangible existence and aiding in its early dissemination.

The bond between Hyrum and Joseph Smith was profound and characterized by absolute trust and mutual respect. Hyrum was not merely a sibling but a trusted advisor and steadfast supporter who stood by Joseph through numerous trials, persecutions, and challenges inherent in establishing a new religious tradition. Their relationship was foundational to the early organization and leadership of the Church, with Hyrum often serving as a calming influence and a moral anchor.

In June 1844, escalating tensions in Nauvoo, Illinois—then the largest city in Illinois and the headquarters of the Latter-day Saints—culminated in the destruction of the Nauvoo Expositor, a printing press that published defamatory and critical material against Joseph Smith and the Church leadership. This act, authorized by the Nauvoo city council (of which both brothers were members), led to public outcry and accusations. To avoid potential civil conflict and to answer charges related to riot and the destruction of property, Joseph and Hyrum Smith, along with other associates, voluntarily surrendered to legal authorities.

They were subsequently imprisoned in Carthage Jail, the county seat, awaiting trial. On June 27, 1844, a violent mob, numbering between 100 and 200 armed men with blackened faces, stormed the jail. Despite the presence of a small guard, the mob overwhelmed the premises, fatally shooting both Hyrum and Joseph Smith. Hyrum was shot first, falling back into the room. Joseph, attempting to escape or draw attention, was also shot multiple times and fell from a window. Their deaths, often referred to as a martyrdom within the Latter-day Saint tradition, profoundly impacted the nascent religious movement, leading to a succession crisis and subsequent westward migration of the majority of the Saints under Brigham Young.

Hyrum Smith's legacy is enshrined within the Latter-day Saint faith as a faithful disciple, a loyal brother, and a martyr for his beliefs. His example of unwavering integrity and sacrifice continues to be revered by millions worldwide.

Frequently Asked Questions About Hyrum Smith

What was Hyrum Smith's relationship to Joseph Smith?
Hyrum Smith was the elder brother of Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. He served as a trusted confidant, advisor, and stalwart supporter to Joseph throughout his ministry.
What significant roles did Hyrum Smith hold in the Church?
Hyrum Smith held the key positions of Assistant President of the Church and the second Patriarch to the Church. He was also one of the Eight Witnesses to the Book of Mormon.
Where and how did Hyrum Smith die?
Hyrum Smith was killed on June 27, 1844, at Carthage Jail in Carthage, Illinois. He was shot by a mob along with his brother, Joseph Smith, while awaiting trial on charges related to the destruction of the Nauvoo Expositor printing press.
Why is Hyrum Smith considered a martyr?
Within the Latter-day Saint tradition, Hyrum Smith's death, alongside his brother Joseph, is viewed as a martyrdom because they were killed for their religious beliefs and their leadership roles in the Church, despite being under state protection at the time.