Dumas Malone, American historian and author (d. 1986)

Dumas Malone (January 10, 1892 – December 27, 1986) was a towering figure in American historiography, an eminent historian, meticulous biographer, and influential editor whose prodigious scholarly contributions left an indelible mark on the understanding of the early American republic. His life’s work provided invaluable insights into pivotal periods and personalities that shaped the United States.

The Definitive Jeffersonian Masterpiece: "Jefferson and His Time"

Malone is most celebrated for his monumental six-volume biography, "Jefferson and His Time," a work widely regarded as the most comprehensive and authoritative account of Thomas Jefferson's life and legacy. This ambitious undertaking spanned over three decades of dedicated research and writing, beginning in the 1940s and culminating with the publication of its final volume, "The Sage of Monticello," in 1981. Malone's meticulous scholarship involved an exhaustive examination of primary sources, including Jefferson's vast correspondence, personal papers, and official documents, allowing him to paint a nuanced and deeply human portrait of the third U.S. President. His narrative delves into Jefferson's roles as a statesman, philosopher, architect, and farmer, exploring the complexities of his character and the profound impact of his ideas on American democracy. For this unparalleled contribution to historical scholarship, Malone was deservingly awarded the prestigious 1975 Pulitzer Prize for History. The Pulitzer Prize recognizes distinguished works of non-fiction about the history of the United States, and Malone's biography exemplifies the highest standards of historical inquiry and narrative excellence, cementing its place as a cornerstone of American biographical literature.

The six volumes comprising "Jefferson and His Time" are:

Shaping American Biographical Scholarship: The Dictionary of American Biography

Beyond his individual biographical triumph, Malone played a pivotal role in a foundational reference work for American studies: the twenty-volume "Dictionary of American Biography" (DAB). Serving as managing editor from 1929 to 1936, he was instrumental in shaping this encyclopedic collection of biographical sketches of significant figures in American history who are no longer living. The DAB, often likened to the British "Dictionary of National Biography," became an indispensable resource for scholars, students, and general readers seeking reliable and concise information on countless individuals who shaped the American narrative, from political leaders and artists to scientists and reformers. Malone's editorial leadership during its formative years ensured the high scholarly standards, comprehensive scope, and consistent quality of this monumental undertaking, making it a cornerstone of American biographical research.

Highest Civilian Honor: The Presidential Medal of Freedom

In recognition of his extraordinary contributions to American scholarship, culture, and national understanding, Dumas Malone was bestowed with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1983. This is the highest civilian award in the United States, presented by the President of the United States to individuals who have made "an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States, world peace, cultural or other significant public or private endeavors." The award underscored the profound impact of Malone's life work in illuminating the complexities of American history and the character of one of its most pivotal founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson, enriching the nation's historical consciousness.

A Lasting Legacy of Scholarship

Born in Coldwater, Mississippi, Malone’s academic journey included studies at Emory University, Yale University, and Columbia University, where he earned his Ph.D. in history. He held distinguished professorships at the University of Virginia and Columbia University, and also served as director of the Harvard University Press. His unwavering commitment to historical accuracy, thorough research, and compelling narrative established him as a model for future generations of historians. Malone's legacy endures not only through his definitive biography of Jefferson but also through his foundational editorial work, which continues to inform and inspire scholarship on the American past, solidifying his place as one of the 20th century's most significant American historians.

Frequently Asked Questions About Dumas Malone

Who was Dumas Malone?
Dumas Malone was a highly distinguished American historian, biographer, and editor (1892-1986), primarily recognized for his comprehensive six-volume biography of Thomas Jefferson, "Jefferson and His Time," and his significant role in editing the "Dictionary of American Biography."
What is "Jefferson and His Time" and why is it important?
"Jefferson and His Time" is a monumental six-volume biography of Thomas Jefferson, considered the most comprehensive and authoritative account of his life. Written by Dumas Malone over more than three decades, it provides an unparalleled, meticulously researched narrative of the third U.S. President's life and era, earning him the 1975 Pulitzer Prize for History.
What was Dumas Malone's role in the "Dictionary of American Biography"?
Dumas Malone served as the managing editor of the twenty-volume "Dictionary of American Biography" from 1929 to 1936. His leadership was crucial in establishing this encyclopedic work as a leading and indispensable reference for American biographical information for scholars and the public.
What prestigious awards did Dumas Malone receive?
Dumas Malone received the 1975 Pulitzer Prize for History for "Jefferson and His Time," acknowledging its exceptional contribution to American historical scholarship. He was also awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1983, the highest civilian honor in the United States, recognizing his profound impact on national understanding through his work.
How long did it take Dumas Malone to complete his Thomas Jefferson biography?
Dumas Malone dedicated over three decades, from the 1940s to 1981, to researching and writing "Jefferson and His Time." The first volume was published in 1948, and the final volume, "The Sage of Monticello," appeared in 1981.