Deaths on January 15

John Cosin, English bishop and academic (b. 1594)

John Cosin (30 November 1594 – 15 January 1672) was far more than just an English churchman; he was a highly influential theologian, liturgist, and Bishop of Durham whose life and career spanned some of the most tumultuous periods in English history, including the English Civil War and the subsequent Restoration. Renowned for his staunch adherence to High Church principles and his significant contributions to Anglican liturgy, Cosin played a pivotal role in shaping the ecclesiastical landscape of 17th-century England.

Early Life and Ecclesiastical Ascent

Born in Durham, England, John Cosin received his education at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he distinguished himself through his scholarship and theological acumen. His early career saw him serving as domestic chaplain to Bishop John Overall of Lichfield and later to Bishop Richard Neile of Durham, both influential figures who recognized his potential. These formative experiences laid the groundwork for his future leadership within the Church of England.

Key Roles and Contributions

Cosin's rise through the church hierarchy was marked by several significant appointments, each providing a platform for his theological and administrative capabilities:

• Dean of Peterborough (1640-1660): Prior to the Civil War, Cosin held this important deanery, where he began implementing his vision for a more ordered and ceremonial worship.
• Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge (1635-1644, 1660-1662): As Master, he transformed Peterhouse into a hub of Laudian thought and practice. He was known for enriching the college chapel with beautiful vestments, altar ornaments, and elaborate ceremonies, which became a hallmark of the High Church movement. These practices, while revered by some, were controversial to Puritan factions, who viewed them as too close to Roman Catholicism.
• Bishop of Durham (1660-1672): Following the Restoration of the monarchy, Cosin was appointed to the prestigious and wealthy see of Durham. In this role, he dedicated himself to rebuilding the church infrastructure that had suffered during the Commonwealth period. He initiated extensive repairs of Durham Cathedral and his episcopal palace, and also focused on establishing schools and almshouses, demonstrating his commitment not only to spiritual but also to social welfare.

Theological Stance: Laudianism and Liturgical Reform

John Cosin was a prominent exponent of Laudianism, a theological movement championed by Archbishop William Laud, which emphasized the importance of ceremony, the beauty of holiness, and the apostolic succession of bishops. Cosin believed in the dignity and reverence of public worship, advocating for the use of altars, vestments, and music to enhance the spiritual experience. His liturgical scholarship was profound; he compiled a notable collection of private devotions, A Collection of Private Devotions (1627), and significantly influenced the 1662 revision of the Book of Common Prayer, ensuring the preservation of key ceremonial aspects that aligned with High Church principles. His work helped to solidify the distinctive character of Anglican worship.

Turbulence and Exile during the Commonwealth

Cosin's adherence to Laudian principles made him a target during the English Civil War. In 1644, he was deprived of his Mastership at Peterhouse and eventually forced into exile in France, where he spent nearly two decades (1643-1660). During his exile, he served as chaplain to the exiled Queen Henrietta Maria and continued to minister to the English Royalist community in Paris, providing spiritual comfort and maintaining the traditions of the Church of England amidst adversity. This period underscored his resilience and unwavering dedication to his faith and church.

Legacy and Enduring Influence

John Cosin's legacy is multifaceted. He is remembered as a staunch defender of the Anglican tradition against both Puritanism and Roman Catholicism, a brilliant liturgist, and an effective administrator. His efforts in restoring ecclesiastical order and beauty in worship after the Civil War left a lasting mark on the Church of England. His theological writings and liturgical contributions continue to be studied by scholars of Anglican history and theology, cementing his place as one of the most significant figures of the 17th-century English Church.

Frequently Asked Questions about John Cosin

Who was John Cosin?

John Cosin was a highly influential English churchman, theologian, and Bishop of Durham (1660-1672) during the 17th century. He was a leading figure in the High Church, Laudian movement.

What was Laudianism?

Laudianism was a theological movement within the Church of England, championed by Archbishop William Laud. It emphasized the importance of ceremonial worship, the "beauty of holiness," episcopal authority, and the preservation of traditional Anglican practices, often contrasting with Puritan views.

What was Cosin's main contribution to the Church of England?

Cosin's main contributions included his significant influence on the 1662 revision of the Book of Common Prayer, his efforts in restoring churches and cathedrals after the English Civil War, and his steadfast promotion of High Church liturgical practices and theological principles.

Why was John Cosin exiled?

John Cosin was exiled to France during the English Civil War (1643-1660) because of his strong allegiance to Archbishop Laud's High Church policies and his loyalty to King Charles I, which made him a target of the Parliamentarian forces.