Olav V of Norway (b. 1903)

King Olav V of Norway, born Prince Alexander of Denmark on 2 July 1903, reigned as the monarch of Norway from 1957 until his death on 17 January 1991. Known for his deep connection with the Norwegian people, his reign was marked by immense popularity and a commitment to his nation, earning him the beloved moniker "Folkekongen," or "The People's King."

Early Life and Unique Royal Upbringing

As the only child of King Haakon VII of Norway and Maud of Wales, Olav V's path to the throne was distinct. He became the heir apparent to the Norwegian throne in 1905 when his father was elected King of Norway following the dissolution of the union with Sweden. This pivotal moment marked the re-establishment of an independent Norwegian monarchy. Uniquely, Olav was the first heir to the Norwegian throne since Olav IV in the fourteenth century to be raised within Norway itself. His parents, King Haakon VII and Queen Maud, were committed to ensuring he received an education and upbringing that was as thoroughly Norwegian as possible, fostering a strong national identity from his earliest years.

Education and Marriage

In comprehensive preparation for his future constitutional role as sovereign, Crown Prince Olav pursued a rigorous education that encompassed both civilian and military studies. He attended the Norwegian Military Academy (Krigsskolen) and later furthered his academic pursuits at Balliol College, Oxford, where he studied political science, economics, and history. In 1929, he married his first cousin, Princess Märtha of Sweden. Their union was a significant royal event, bringing together two Scandinavian royal houses.

World War II and Steadfast Leadership

During World War II, King Olav V, then Crown Prince Olav, played a crucial and inspiring role for Norway. Following the German invasion in April 1940, he joined his father and the Norwegian government in exile in London. His steadfast leadership and resilience were highly appreciated by his countrymen, both at home and abroad. Recognizing his strategic importance and military acumen, he was appointed Norwegian Chief of Defence in 1944. He actively participated in the planning for Norway's liberation and returned to a liberated Norway in May 1945, a symbol of hope and national resilience.

Reign and Enduring Legacy as "Folkekongen"

Crown Prince Olav ascended to the throne as King Olav V upon the death of his father, King Haakon VII, in 1957. His reign was characterized by a considerate and remarkably down-to-earth style, which resonated deeply with the Norwegian population. He was known for his simplicity, often driving his own car, using public transport, and engaging directly with ordinary citizens, embodying a modern approach to monarchy. This approachable demeanor earned him the enduring and affectionate nickname "Folkekongen" ("The People's King"). His immense popularity was further cemented in a 2005 poll conducted by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK), where King Olav V was overwhelmingly voted "Norwegian of the Century," a testament to his lasting impact and revered status within the nation's history.

Frequently Asked Questions About King Olav V

What was King Olav V's birth name?
King Olav V was born as Prince Alexander of Denmark on July 2, 1903.
Why was King Olav V called "Folkekongen"?
He earned the nickname "Folkekongen" (The People's King) due to his incredibly popular, considerate, and down-to-earth style. He was known for his approachable demeanor, often interacting directly with the public and leading a relatively simple life, which fostered a strong bond with his people.
What was King Olav V's role during World War II?
During World War II, as Crown Prince Olav, he played a vital role alongside his father and the Norwegian government in exile in London. His leadership was highly valued, and he was appointed Norwegian Chief of Defence in 1944, actively contributing to the country's resistance efforts and eventual liberation.
What made King Olav V unique among Norwegian heirs?
King Olav V was the first heir to the Norwegian throne to be brought up entirely within Norway since Olav IV in the fourteenth century. His parents ensured he received a thoroughly Norwegian upbringing and education, a significant step in establishing the new monarchy's national roots after Norway's independence in 1905.