Heinrich Albertz, German theologian and politician, Mayor of Berlin (d. 1993)

Heinrich Albertz (January 22, 1915 – May 18, 1993) was a prominent German figure, unique for his dual career as both a distinguished Protestant theologian and an influential politician. A committed member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), Albertz is most notably remembered for his brief but tumultuous tenure as Governing Mayor of Berlin (specifically West Berlin) from 1966 to 1967, a period marked by significant social upheaval and political tension in post-war Germany.

Born in Breslau, then part of the German Empire, Heinrich Albertz initially pursued a career in theology, becoming a Protestant pastor. His early life was profoundly shaped by the rise of Nazism; he was a courageous member of the Confessing Church, an evangelical movement that resisted the Nazi regime's attempts to control the Protestant churches. His steadfast opposition led to his imprisonment by the Gestapo, a testament to his deeply held moral and ethical convictions. This experience forged his character, emphasizing his commitment to justice and human dignity, principles that would later guide his political career.

Political Career and Ascent in the SPD

After World War II, Albertz transitioned into politics, joining the Social Democratic Party (SPD), one of Germany's oldest and most influential political parties, known for its commitment to social justice, democracy, and workers' rights. His theological background and wartime resistance gave him a unique moral authority. Before assuming the highest office in West Berlin, Albertz held various important positions within the federal and state governments. He served as a member of the Bundestag, the German federal parliament, and later as a senator (minister) in Berlin, demonstrating his increasing influence and experience in urban administration and governance.

Governing Mayor of West Berlin (1966-1967): A Turbulent Period

In 1966, Heinrich Albertz was elected Governing Mayor of West Berlin, a city on the front lines of the Cold War, a symbolic bastion of freedom deeply isolated behind the Iron Curtain. His time in office, though short, coincided with a period of intense social and political unrest, particularly the burgeoning student movement, also known as the Extra-Parliamentary Opposition (APO). These young activists protested against various issues, including the Vietnam War, perceived authoritarian structures in West German society, and the Grand Coalition government in Bonn.

Key Events During Albertz's Mayoral Term:
On June 2, 1967, a turning point occurred during a demonstration against the visit of the Shah of Iran to West Berlin. The protest escalated, and during clashes with police, the student Benno Ohnesorg was shot and killed by a police officer. This tragic event ignited widespread outrage and further fueled the student movement across West Germany.
As Governing Mayor, Albertz bore ultimate political responsibility for the actions of the city's police force. Despite his personal dismay over Ohnesorg's death and a subsequent investigation, the political pressure mounted relentlessly. Albertz, known for his integrity and willingness to accept accountability, ultimately resigned from his position in September 1967. His resignation, driven by the profound moral and political crisis following the Ohnesorg shooting, underscored the volatile nature of the era and his own principled stance.

Legacy and Post-Mayoral Activities

Even after his resignation as Governing Mayor, Heinrich Albertz remained a respected figure in German public life. He continued to be involved in social and ethical debates, often speaking out on issues of peace, reconciliation, and social justice, aligning with his enduring theological convictions. His life exemplified a rare blend of spiritual leadership and pragmatic politics, forever associating him with the challenges and transformations of post-war Germany and the student protest era.

Frequently Asked Questions About Heinrich Albertz

Who was Heinrich Albertz?
Heinrich Albertz was a prominent German Protestant theologian, priest, and politician from the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He served as the Governing Mayor of West Berlin from 1966 to 1967.
What was Heinrich Albertz's profession before entering politics?
Before his political career, Heinrich Albertz was a Protestant theologian and priest. He was notably part of the Confessing Church, which resisted the Nazi regime.
When did Heinrich Albertz serve as Governing Mayor of Berlin?
Heinrich Albertz served as the Governing Mayor of West Berlin from 1966 to 1967.
Why did Heinrich Albertz resign as Governing Mayor?
Albertz resigned in September 1967 following the public outrage and political crisis that ensued after the shooting of student Benno Ohnesorg by police during a demonstration on June 2, 1967. As Governing Mayor, he took political responsibility for the events.
What was the significance of West Berlin during Albertz's time as Mayor?
West Berlin was a divided city and a crucial Cold War outpost during Albertz's tenure, symbolizing democratic values amidst the communist East. It was also a hotbed of social and political unrest, particularly the student movement.