Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel, English commander (b. 1306)

Richard Fitzalan, 3rd Earl of Arundel and 8th Earl of Surrey (c. 1313 – 24 January 1376), was a pivotal figure in 14th-century England, epitomizing the era's blend of martial prowess, aristocratic influence, and unwavering fealty. Revered as an English nobleman, a formidable military leader, and a distinguished admiral, Fitzalan's career was inextricably linked to the zenith of Edward III’s reign, a period characterized by the flourishing of chivalry and the strategic onset of the Hundred Years' War.

A Figure of Influence: Wealth and Status

As one of the wealthiest nobles of his time, Richard Fitzalan commanded immense resources, derived from extensive landholdings primarily across Sussex, Shropshire, and other strategically important counties. This vast patrimony not only conferred significant economic power but also cemented his political influence within the realm, allowing him to raise substantial retinues for the King’s service. His status was further elevated by his marriage to Eleanor Plantagenet, a daughter of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, thereby forging crucial dynastic connections that reinforced his position at the apex of English aristocracy.

Military Prowess and Naval Command

Fitzalan’s reputation as a distinguished military leader was forged in the crucible of the Hundred Years’ War. He played a crucial role in many of Edward III’s most significant campaigns, demonstrating exceptional leadership both on land and at sea. As Lord High Admiral of England, a key naval appointment he held multiple times, Fitzalan was instrumental in securing England’s maritime supremacy in the Channel, a prerequisite for successful continental expeditions. His naval acumen was particularly evident during the decisive Battle of Sluys in 1340, one of the most significant naval engagements of the medieval era, where the English fleet achieved a crushing victory over the French, effectively giving England control of the Channel for decades. On land, he distinguished himself at the iconic Battle of Crécy in 1346, a landmark English victory renowned for its innovative use of the longbow, and subsequently participated in the protracted Siege of Calais (1346-1347), which resulted in the strategic capture of a vital port for English operations in France.

Upholding the Chivalric Code

Richard Fitzalan was widely regarded as one of Edward III's most loyal and steadfast noble retainers, embodying the chivalric code that flourished under the King's patronage. This code, far from being merely a romantic ideal, governed the conduct of the warrior aristocracy, emphasizing virtues such as honour, courage, loyalty to one's sovereign, and the pursuit of glory in battle. Fitzalan’s consistent devotion to Edward III, even amidst the political machinations and shifting loyalties that characterized medieval court life, underscored his commitment to these ideals. His counsel was frequently sought in royal councils, and his presence was a constant in critical parliamentary sessions, demonstrating his integral role not just as a military commander but also as a trusted advisor and pillar of the English state.

Throughout his extensive career, Richard Fitzalan remained a stalwart supporter of the Crown, contributing significantly to England's military successes and political stability during a transformative period. His life encapsulated the duties and privileges of a powerful English magnate, leaving an indelible mark on the historical tapestry of the 14th century.

Frequently Asked Questions About Richard Fitzalan

Who was Richard Fitzalan, 3rd Earl of Arundel?
Richard Fitzalan (c. 1313 – 1376) was a prominent English nobleman, a highly effective military leader, and a distinguished admiral during the reign of King Edward III. He held the titles of 3rd Earl of Arundel and 8th Earl of Surrey.
What was his role in the Hundred Years' War?
Fitzalan was a key commander for Edward III during the early phases of the Hundred Years' War. He served as Lord High Admiral, notably commanding English forces at the victorious Battle of Sluys (1340), and fought bravely on land at the Battle of Crécy (1346) and the Siege of Calais (1346-1347).
Why was he considered one of the wealthiest nobles?
His immense wealth stemmed from extensive inherited landholdings across England, particularly in Sussex and Shropshire. This economic power enabled him to maintain large retinues and exert significant political influence, solidifying his position as one of the richest magnates of his era.
How did he embody the chivalric code?
Fitzalan was renowned for his unwavering loyalty to Edward III, his martial prowess, and his adherence to the principles of honour and courage. He consistently demonstrated these virtues through his dedicated service in numerous military campaigns and his trusted role as a royal advisor, exemplifying the ideals of medieval chivalry.