A fire damages the top part of the Eiffel Tower.

The Eiffel Tower, pronounced "EYE-fəl" in English and known as "tour Eiffel" in French, stands proudly as an iconic wrought-iron lattice tower on the expansive Champ de Mars in the heart of Paris, France. This architectural marvel bears the name of the visionary engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose esteemed company not only designed but meticulously constructed this groundbreaking structure, cementing his legacy in global engineering history.

From Conception to Global Icon: The Iron Lady's Journey

Affectionately known by Parisians and the world over as "La dame de fer," or "The Iron Lady," the Eiffel Tower's construction spanned a mere two years, from 1887 to 1889. Its primary purpose was to serve as the breathtaking centerpiece and entrance arch for the 1889 World's Fair (Exposition Universelle), an event celebrating the centennial of the French Revolution. However, its innovative design was not universally acclaimed upon completion. Initially, it faced considerable criticism from some of France's most prominent artists and intellectuals, who viewed its industrial aesthetic as a stark contrast to Parisian elegance. A famous "Protest of the Artists Against the Tower of Monsieur Eiffel" was published, decrying it as a "useless and monstrous" structure that would overshadow the beauty of Paris.

Despite these initial objections and debates, the tower quickly transcended its controversial beginnings to become a quintessential global cultural icon of France and one of the most instantly recognizable structures worldwide. Its unique silhouette now symbolizes Paris itself, embodying the city's spirit of innovation, enduring beauty, and resilience.

A Monument of Unrivaled Popularity and Historical Significance

The Eiffel Tower holds the distinction of being the most visited monument globally that requires an entrance fee, underscoring its immense appeal as a prime tourist destination. In 2015 alone, a remarkable 6.91 million people ascended its levels, experiencing unparalleled panoramic views of the French capital. Recognizing its profound historical and architectural value, the tower was officially designated a Monument historique in France in 1964. Furthermore, in 1991, it became an integral part of a larger UNESCO World Heritage Site, "Paris, Banks of the Seine," ensuring its preservation for future generations as a site of outstanding universal value and cultural importance.

An Engineering Feat: Dimensions and Records

Standing majestically at a height of 330 metres (1,083 ft), the Eiffel Tower is approximately equivalent in stature to an 81-storey building, making it unequivocally the tallest structure in Paris. Its robust base is perfectly square, measuring 125 metres (410 ft) on each of its four sides, a testament to its stable and enduring design, engineered to withstand the elements.

Upon its completion, the Eiffel Tower achieved an unprecedented engineering milestone: it surpassed the Washington Monument to claim the title of the tallest man-made structure in the world. This prestigious record was held by the Iron Lady for an impressive 41 years until it was eventually surpassed by the completion of the iconic Chrysler Building in New York City in 1930. Notably, the Eiffel Tower was the first structure ever to break both the 200-metre and 300-metre height barriers, demonstrating the cutting-edge construction techniques and visionary ambition of its time.

In a twist of fate, due to the strategic addition of a broadcasting aerial atop the tower in 1957, it regained a slight edge in height, now standing 5.2 metres (17 ft) taller than the Chrysler Building. Today, excluding its various transmitters, the Eiffel Tower remains an exceptionally tall free-standing structure in France, second only to the impressive Millau Viaduct, a cable-stayed bridge in Southern France known for its immense pylons that soar above the Tarn River valley.

Visitor Experience: Ascending the Levels of the Tower

The Eiffel Tower offers an unforgettable experience for visitors, accessible across three distinct levels, each providing unique perspectives and amenities. The first and second levels host delightful restaurants, allowing guests to savor French cuisine with breathtaking views of the city below. Options range from casual dining to more refined culinary experiences, making a visit to the tower a memorable gastronomic journey as well. The uppermost platform of the top level, perched at a staggering 276 metres (906 ft) above the ground, proudly holds the distinction of being the highest observation deck accessible to the public within the entire European Union, offering truly unparalleled panoramic vistas that stretch across the Parisian cityscape and beyond.

Visitors have the choice to ascend to the first and second levels via either stairs or convenient lifts. For those seeking an active experience and a closer appreciation of the tower's intricate ironwork, the climb from ground level to the first level involves over 300 steps, offering an engaging workout. Similarly, the ascent from the first level to the second also comprises over 300 steps, each providing progressively more expansive views. While a staircase does extend all the way to the very top level, for safety and logistical reasons, this final section is typically accessible exclusively by lift, ensuring a smooth and efficient journey to the summit of this magnificent landmark.

Frequently Asked Questions About the Eiffel Tower

What is the Eiffel Tower made of?
The Eiffel Tower is constructed primarily from wrought iron, specifically "puddle iron," which was a form of pure structural iron developed during the Industrial Revolution. This material was chosen for its strength, durability, and ability to be shaped into the intricate lattice design that makes the tower so distinctive.
How long did it take to build the Eiffel Tower?
The construction of the Eiffel Tower was remarkably swift and efficient, taking only two years, two months, and five days, from 1887 to 1889, for its completion.
Why was the Eiffel Tower built?
The Eiffel Tower was built as the grand entrance arch and centerpiece for the 1889 World's Fair (Exposition Universelle), which commemorated the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution. It was intended to showcase France's industrial and engineering prowess on a global stage.
Is it possible to climb to the very top of the Eiffel Tower?
While there are stairs leading to the summit, the top level of the Eiffel Tower is generally only accessible by lift for public visitors. The stairs to the first and second levels are open for those who prefer to climb and enjoy the ascent on foot.
What is the "Iron Lady" nickname for the Eiffel Tower?
The nickname "La dame de fer," or "The Iron Lady," refers to the Eiffel Tower's primary construction material—wrought iron—and its imposing, resilient, and enduring presence as an iconic symbol of Paris and France.