Ellis H. Roberts, American journalist and politician, 20th Treasurer of the United States (b. 1827)

Ellis Henry Roberts (September 30, 1827 – January 8, 1918) was a prominent American statesman, journalist, and financial leader who carved a distinguished career spanning several decades. He is notably recognized for his service as a United States Representative from New York and, most significantly, as the 20th Treasurer of the United States. His life reflects a remarkable trajectory from a foundational education in upstate New York to influential positions within both media and federal government.

Early Life and Formative Education

Born on September 30, 1827, in Utica, Oneida County, New York, Ellis Henry Roberts maintained a deep connection to his birthplace throughout his life. His early education commenced in the common schools of the area, a standard pathway for young Americans during the mid-19th century. He furthered his academic pursuits at Whitestown Seminary, a preparatory school that provided a more advanced curriculum.

Roberts's intellectual capabilities led him to Yale College, one of the nation's most prestigious institutions at the time, from which he graduated in 1850. During his time at Yale, he was an active member of collegiate societies, including Alpha Delta Phi, a prominent literary fraternity, and the enigmatic Skull and Bones. Membership in such exclusive organizations often underscored a student's leadership potential and intellectual prowess, laying the groundwork for future influence.

A Career Forged in Media and Early Public Service

Upon graduating from Yale, Roberts immediately embarked on a career that blended education with influential media. From 1850 to 1851, he served as the principal of Utica Free Academy, demonstrating his commitment to local education before transitioning into journalism.

His most enduring and influential early role began in 1851 when he became the editor and proprietor of the Utica Morning Herald. He held this crucial position for nearly four decades, until 1889. In the 19th century, newspaper editors and proprietors wielded immense political and social influence, shaping public opinion and providing a powerful platform for political discourse. Roberts's long tenure at the Utica Morning Herald solidified his standing as a significant voice in New York State politics and beyond.

Roberts's dedication to the Republican Party was evident through his active participation in national politics. He served as a delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1864, 1868, and 1876. These conventions were critical events for nominating presidential candidates and defining the party's platform during a transformative period in American history, encompassing the Civil War and Reconstruction eras. His political ascent also included a term as a member of the New York State Assembly, representing Oneida County's 2nd District, in 1867, further cementing his legislative experience.

Congressional and Distinguished Federal Service

Building on his political experience, Ellis Henry Roberts was elected as a Republican to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving as a United States Representative from March 4, 1871, to March 3, 1875. During these terms, Congress grappled with significant post-Civil War issues, including Reconstruction policies, economic stabilization, and westward expansion. Although he was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874 to the Forty-fourth Congress, this brief hiatus allowed him to return to his influential newspaper activities in Utica, New York.

Roberts's expertise in finance and administration soon led him back to federal service. From 1889 to 1893, he held the important role of Assistant Treasurer of the United States, a position involving the day-to-day management and oversight of government funds. Following this, he transitioned to the private sector, becoming the president of the Franklin National Bank of New York City, a prominent financial institution, from 1893 to 1897. This role underscored his substantial financial acumen and leadership capabilities.

His career culminated in his appointment as the 20th Treasurer of the United States on July 1, 1897, a prestigious role he held until June 30, 1905, when he resigned. As Treasurer, Roberts was responsible for the receipt and disbursement of public moneys, often involving the physical custody of government funds and a key role in the nation's financial administration. His signature, along with that of the Secretary of the Treasury, would have appeared on U.S. currency issued during his eight-year tenure, making him a tangible part of American monetary history.

Later Life and Legacy

After his distinguished service as Treasurer, Ellis Henry Roberts continued to be engaged in banking, further solidifying his reputation as a financial expert. He passed away in Utica, New York, on January 8, 1918, at the age of 90, leaving behind a legacy of extensive public service across journalism, legislative roles, and high-level financial administration.

His final resting place is Forest Hill Cemetery in Utica, New York, a testament to his lifelong connection with the community where his journey began and concluded.

Frequently Asked Questions about Ellis Henry Roberts

Who was Ellis Henry Roberts?
Ellis Henry Roberts was an American public servant known for his significant contributions as a United States Representative from New York and, most notably, as the 20th Treasurer of the United States.
What was Ellis Henry Roberts's educational background?
He attended common schools, Whitestown Seminary, and graduated from Yale College in 1850. While at Yale, he was a member of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity and the Skull and Bones society.
What was Roberts's role in journalism?
He served as the editor and proprietor of the Utica Morning Herald from 1851 to 1889, holding this influential position for nearly four decades.
When did Ellis Henry Roberts serve as Treasurer of the United States?
He was appointed the 20th Treasurer of the United States on July 1, 1897, and served until his resignation on June 30, 1905, a total of eight years.
What other significant positions did Roberts hold?
Beyond his role as Treasurer and U.S. Representative, he was also Assistant Treasurer of the United States (1889-1893), president of the Franklin National Bank of New York City (1893-1897), and a member of the New York State Assembly (1867).