Jane Bolin, American lawyer and judge (b. 1908)

Jane Matilda Bolin (April 11, 1908 – January 8, 2007) stands as a towering figure in American legal history, a true trailblazer who shattered numerous racial and gender barriers throughout her remarkable career. Her life was defined by a series of significant "firsts" that paved the way for countless individuals who followed.

Groundbreaking Educational and Professional Achievements

Bolin's academic journey was exceptional. She was not only the first Black woman to graduate from Yale Law School in 1931, but also achieved this distinction as one of only two women in her class. This accomplishment was particularly profound given the pervasive racial and gender segregation prevalent in higher education during the early 20th century. Following her graduation, Bolin continued to break new ground, becoming the first Black woman to join the New York City Bar Association, an influential professional organization for legal practitioners. Her pioneering spirit extended to public service when she became the first Black woman to join the New York City Law Department, serving as an Assistant Corporation Counsel.

A Historic Appointment: The First Black Woman Judge in the United States

Jane Bolin's most indelible mark on history came in 1939 when she was sworn in as a judge on the New York City Domestic Relations Court (later renamed Family Court). This appointment, made by Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia, cemented her legacy as the first Black woman to serve as a judge in the United States. At just 31 years old, her elevation to the bench was a momentous occasion, signaling a shift, however nascent, towards greater inclusivity in the American judiciary.

A Legacy of Justice and Reform on the Bench

Bolin’s judicial career spanned an impressive 40 years, during which she was reappointed for four terms, serving until her mandatory retirement in 1979. Her tenure on the Domestic Relations Court was marked by a tireless commitment to justice and a pioneering approach to family law and juvenile justice. She was instrumental in advocating for the non-discriminatory treatment of children and families, regardless of their racial or ethnic background. Bolin actively worked to dismantle racial bias within the court system, famously insisting that probation officers be assigned without regard to race and ensuring that private child-care agencies receiving court funds accepted children of all races. Her work profoundly impacted the lives of countless New Yorkers, ensuring greater equity and fairness within the city's social services and legal frameworks.

Frequently Asked Questions About Jane Bolin

When was Jane Bolin born and when did she pass away?
Jane Matilda Bolin was born on April 11, 1908, and passed away on January 8, 2007, at the age of 98.
What made Jane Bolin a legal pioneer?
Jane Bolin was a legal pioneer because she was the first Black woman to achieve several significant milestones: graduating from Yale Law School, joining the New York City Bar Association, joining the New York City Law Department, and most notably, becoming the first Black woman to serve as a judge in the United States.
Which court did Jane Bolin serve on?
Jane Bolin served on the New York City Domestic Relations Court, which was later renamed the Family Court. She was sworn in in 1939.
How long was Jane Bolin a judge?
Jane Bolin served as a judge for 40 years, from 1939 until her retirement in 1979, having been reappointed for four terms.
What was Jane Bolin's impact as a judge?
As a judge, Jane Bolin played a crucial role in combating racial discrimination within the court system and social services. She advocated for non-discriminatory practices, ensuring that children and families received equitable treatment regardless of race, and challenging agencies to integrate their services.