Muhammad Azam Shah, Mughal emperor (d. 1707)
Qutb-ud-Din Muhammad Azam (Persian: قطب الدین محمد اعظم), (28 June 1653 – 20 June 1707), commonly known as Azam Shah (Persian: اعظم شاه), was briefly the Mughal emperor (r. 14 March 1707 – 20 June 1707). He was the third son of the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and his chief consort Dilras Banu Begum.
Azam was appointed as the heir-apparent (Shahi Ali Jah) to his father on 12 August 1681 and retained that position until Aurangzeb's death. During his long military career, he served as the viceroy of Berar Subah, Malwa, Bengal, Gujarat and the Deccan. Azam ascended the Mughal throne in Ahmednagar upon the death of his father on 14 March 1707. However, he and his three sons, Sultan Bidar Bakht, Shahzada Jawan Bakht Bahadur and Shahzada Sikandar Shan Bahadur, were later defeated and killed by Azam Shah's older half-brother, Prince Shah Alam (later crowned as Bahadur Shah I), during the Battle of Jajau on 20 June 1707.