Former Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro is kidnapped. (He is later murdered by his captors.)

Aldo Romeo Luigi Moro, born on September 23, 1916, was an incredibly influential figure in 20th-century Italian politics, a statesman whose career was marked by deep intellectual rigor, patient mediation, and a relentless pursuit of progress for his nation. A prominent member of the Christian Democracy (DC) party, Moro’s life and political journey became inextricably linked with the post-war trajectory of Italy, culminating in one of the most tragic and pivotal events in its modern history.

Early Political Career and Ascent

Moro's political career began to flourish in the challenging landscape of post-war Italy. After serving as a university professor, his intellectual acumen and commitment quickly propelled him through the ranks of the Christian Democracy, the dominant political force of the era. Throughout the 1950s, he held crucial ministerial portfolios, demonstrating his broad capabilities by serving as Minister of Justice and later as Minister of Public Education. These roles laid the groundwork for his eventual leadership, showcasing his dedication to institutional reform and the betterment of Italian society. His influence within the party solidified when he took on the demanding role of Secretary of the Christian Democracy from March 1959 until January 1964, a period during which he helped shape the party's direction and strategy.

Leadership as Italian Prime Minister

Aldo Moro’s leadership truly came to the fore during his two tenures as Italy's Prime Minister, making him one of the longest-serving post-war leaders, guiding the country for more than six years. He first held the premiership from December 1963 to June 1968, a significant five-year period of stability and reform. During this time, his government implemented a series of social and economic changes that profoundly contributed to the modernization of Italy, navigating complex domestic and international pressures. After a stint as Minister of Foreign Affairs from May 1969 to July 1972, and again from July 1973 to November 1974—where he famously pursued a pro-Arab policy that influenced Italy’s stance on global affairs—Moro returned to lead the government from November 1974 to July 1976. In all his roles, Moro was renowned for his intellectual approach and his remarkable ability to mediate, skillfully bridging divides both within his own party and across the broader political spectrum.

The Historic Compromise and Enduring Legacy

Moro's most significant and perhaps most controversial political initiative was the "Historic Compromise" (Compromesso Storico). This audacious strategy involved seeking an accommodation with Enrico Berlinguer, the leader of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), a move aimed at bringing the Communists into the national governing framework. In the highly polarized atmosphere of the Cold War, this initiative was revolutionary, designed to ensure national stability and broader consensus for tackling Italy's deep-seated problems. Though never fully realized in the way Moro envisioned, the Historic Compromise underscored his far-sighted vision and his determination to transcend traditional ideological barriers for the good of the nation. This bold vision cemented his reputation as one of the most prominent fathers of the modern Italian centre-left and a leader of immense popularity and historical importance in the Italian Republic.

A Tragic End: The Red Brigades Kidnapping

The brilliant career and life of Aldo Moro met a shocking and brutal end. On March 16, 1978, in a dark chapter of Italian history, Moro was kidnapped by the far-left terrorist group known as the Red Brigades (Brigate Rosse). This act of political terrorism sent shockwaves across Italy and the world. Despite intense efforts and fraught negotiations, the government ultimately refused to meet the terrorists' demands for the release of imprisoned members. After 55 agonizing days of captivity, on May 9, 1978, Aldo Moro was tragically murdered by his captors. His body was found in the trunk of a car in Rome, a symbolic location between the headquarters of the Christian Democracy and the Communist Party, marking a devastating loss for Italy and a stark reminder of the volatile political climate of the "Years of Lead."

FAQs About Aldo Moro

Who was Aldo Moro?
Aldo Moro was a highly influential Italian statesman and a leading figure in the Christian Democracy party. He served twice as Prime Minister of Italy and held several other key ministerial positions, playing a pivotal role in the country's post-war political and social development.
What were his main contributions to Italian politics?
Moro was instrumental in modernizing Italy through social and economic reforms during his premierships. He was also a renowned mediator and a key proponent of the "Historic Compromise," an ambitious plan to include the Italian Communist Party in a national unity government to address national challenges.
When did Aldo Moro serve as Prime Minister?
He served two terms as Prime Minister: first from December 1963 to June 1968, and again from November 1974 to July 1976.
What was the "Historic Compromise"?
The Historic Compromise was Aldo Moro's political strategy to bring about a broader national consensus by integrating the Italian Communist Party into the governing structure. It aimed to overcome deep political divisions and ensure stability in a challenging period for Italy.
How did Aldo Moro die?
Aldo Moro was kidnapped by the far-left terrorist group, the Red Brigades, on March 16, 1978. After 55 days of captivity, during which the government refused to negotiate with his captors for the release of their imprisoned members, he was tragically murdered by the Red Brigades on May 9, 1978.