Deaths on March 16

Takin al-Khazari, Egyptian commander and politician, Abbasid Governor of Egypt

Takin al-Khassa: An Abbasid Commander of Khazar Origin and Governor of Egypt

In the annals of the Abbasid Caliphate, figures like Takin al-Khassa Abu Mansur Takin ibn Abdallah al-Harbi al-Khazari stand out as pillars of military and administrative power. A formidable commander of Khazar origin, Takin al-Khassa, whose Arabic name was تكين الخزري, played a crucial role in the volatile political landscape of 10th-century Egypt, serving an impressive three terms as its governor before his death on March 16, 933.

Early Life and Ascendancy to Power

Takin's journey began with humble origins, eventually seeing him rise through the ranks to become a respected officer under the influential Caliph al-Mu'tadid, who reigned from 892 to 902. This period of service forged his military acumen and administrative skills, preparing him for the significant responsibilities that lay ahead in the heart of the Abbasid Empire's territories.

First Tenure as Governor: Facing the Fatimid Threat

His first major appointment came in August 910, when Takin al-Khassa was dispatched to govern Egypt, taking over from Isa al-Nushari. However, his initial governorship, which lasted until May 31, 915, was fraught with challenges. The burgeoning Fatimid Caliphate, a rival power based in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia), posed a constant and aggressive threat to Abbasid control over Egypt. Takin's inability to effectively repel this first major Fatimid invasion ultimately led to his deposition by Mu'nis al-Muzaffar, a prominent Abbasid commander, and his replacement by Dhuka al-Rumi.

A Resilient Return: Second Governorship

Despite this initial setback, Takin's experience and capabilities were clearly valued. He was re-appointed as governor in the autumn of 919, a decision made in the immediate aftermath of Dhuka's death and, tellingly, amidst a second, equally dangerous Fatimid invasion. Arriving in Fustat, the then-capital of Egypt, on January 6, 920, Takin once again found himself at the forefront of the defense. This time, however, crucial reinforcements turned the tide. An Abbasid army led by Mu'nis and a naval fleet under Thamal al-Dulafi provided the necessary strength to decisively repulse the invaders. The last Fatimid troops were forced to abandon the strategically vital Fayyum Oasis, fleeing across the desert by July 8, 921. Takin was briefly replaced on July 22, 921, only to be reinstated a few days later, underscoring the dynamic and often tumultuous political environment of the era.

Third and Final Governorship: A Legacy of Leadership

Takin al-Khassa's third and longest tenure as governor began in March or April 924. This period marked a more stable and enduring phase of his administration, allowing him to leave a more significant imprint on the province. He remained in this powerful position until his death on March 16, 933, having navigated complex political currents and defended the province from external threats for nearly a decade. His multiple appointments and sustained presence in such a critical region highlight his unwavering loyalty and the trust placed in his leadership by the Abbasid Caliphate.

Frequently Asked Questions About Takin al-Khassa

Who was Takin al-Khassa?

Takin al-Khassa Abu Mansur Takin ibn Abdallah al-Harbi al-Khazari was a prominent Abbasid commander of Khazar origin who served as the governor of Egypt on three separate occasions in the early 10th century.

What was his origin?

He was of Khazar origin, a Turkic people who inhabited a vast area of Eastern Europe and played a significant role in medieval history.

When did he serve as governor of Egypt?

He served three terms: first from August 910 to May 915, then from autumn 919 (arriving January 920) with a brief interruption in July 921, and finally from March/April 924 until his death on March 16, 933.

What were his main challenges during his governorships?

His primary challenge was defending Egypt against repeated invasions by the Fatimid Caliphate, a rival power seeking to expand its influence from Ifriqiya.

Who was his patron early in his career?

He grew up and became an officer under the Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tadid, who reigned from 892 to 902.

How did his governorships end?

His first tenure ended due to his failure to contain a Fatimid invasion. His second tenure saw the Fatimids repelled with significant assistance, and he was briefly replaced but quickly reinstated. His third and longest tenure concluded with his death on March 16, 933.