Stephen Fox, English politician (d. 1716)

Sir Stephen Fox, born on March 27, 1627, was a truly remarkable figure who navigated the complex world of 17th and early 18th-century England, ultimately rising from modest beginnings to become an influential royal administrator, courtier to King Charles II, and a shrewd politician. He passed away on October 28, 1716, leaving behind a profound legacy that stretched from the grand estates he acquired in places like Farley in Wiltshire, Redlynch Park in Somerset, and Chiswick, Middlesex, to his significant presence in Whitehall, the heart of English government.

His story is one of incredible social mobility and financial acumen in an era of profound change. From humble origins, Fox ascended to become famously known as the "richest commoner in the three kingdoms," a title reflecting his extraordinary financial success and influence.

The Foundation of His Wealth: Paymaster-General

The cornerstone of Sir Stephen Fox's immense fortune was his tenure in the newly created, yet exceptionally powerful, office of Paymaster-General of His Majesty's Forces. This role, which he held twice—first from 1661 to 1676, and again briefly from 1679 to 1680—placed him at the heart of military finance during a period of considerable national expenditure and expansion. As Paymaster-General, Fox was responsible for managing all the funds allocated for the army, a position that offered unparalleled opportunities for wealth accumulation through shrewd financial management and the holding of significant sums of public money. His expertise in this critical administrative function under King Charles II allowed him to build a personal wealth that was virtually unmatched among commoners of his time, proving that ambition and financial astuteness could open doors previously reserved for the aristocracy.

A Lasting Legacy: The Royal Hospital Chelsea

Beyond his personal enrichment and political influence, Sir Stephen Fox possessed a notable philanthropic spirit, particularly concerning the welfare of soldiers who served the crown. He is widely celebrated as the principal driving force and inspiration behind the establishment of the Royal Hospital Chelsea. This magnificent institution, still standing today, was conceived as a retirement and nursing home for old and infirm soldiers, a pioneering effort in social welfare for its time. Fox not only provided the initial impetus and vision for this vital project but also contributed a substantial personal donation of £13,000. This immense sum, a staggering amount in the late 17th century, underscores his deep commitment to the welfare of the military and ensured a lasting legacy of care and comfort for countless veterans long after his passing, cementing his place as a figure of significant national importance.

Frequently Asked Questions about Sir Stephen Fox

Who was Sir Stephen Fox?
Sir Stephen Fox (1627–1716) was a prominent English royal administrator, courtier to King Charles II, and a politician. He rose from humble origins to become the "richest commoner in the three kingdoms" due to his financial acumen and service.
What was his primary source of wealth?
His primary source of wealth stemmed from his tenure as the Paymaster-General of His Majesty's Forces, an office he held twice, from 1661–1676 and 1679–1680, where he managed the finances of the military.
What is Sir Stephen Fox most famous for besides his wealth?
He is most famous for being the principal force and inspiration behind the founding of the Royal Hospital Chelsea, to which he also made a significant personal financial contribution of £13,000.
When did Sir Stephen Fox live?
He lived from March 27, 1627, to October 28, 1716, playing a significant role in 17th and early 18th-century English politics and administration.
What was the Royal Hospital Chelsea?
The Royal Hospital Chelsea was founded as a retirement and nursing home for old and infirm soldiers, a philanthropic project initiated and substantially supported by Sir Stephen Fox.