Births on March 6

Francis Atterbury, English bishop and poet (d. 1732)

Born on March 6, 1663, Francis Atterbury carved a significant, albeit controversial, path through 17th and 18th-century English society until his passing on February 22, 1732. A man of formidable intellect and conviction, Atterbury was simultaneously an influential man of letters, a shrewd politician, and a respected bishop within the Church of England. His career was a tapestry woven with threads of high ecclesiastical office, political maneuverings, and ultimately, exile, reflecting the turbulent political and religious landscape of his era.

A Promising Cleric and Political Figure

Atterbury’s intellectual prowess and rhetorical skill quickly established him as a prominent figure in the tumultuous English scene. Adhering firmly to the tenets of High Church Toryism – a powerful faction emphasizing the divine right of kings and the importance of the Anglican Church's authority – he found a powerful patron in Queen Anne. Under her reign, his influence grew considerably, demonstrating his capability not just as a spiritual leader but also as a keen political operator within the Church and government. He was particularly known for his sharp wit, a trait that no doubt served him well in the often-caustic world of Georgian politics and ecclesiastical debate, alongside his celebrated abilities as a gifted preacher, which captivated audiences and earned him widespread acclaim.

Navigating Treacherous Political Waters: Toryism and Jacobitism

As a High Church Tory, Atterbury's political and religious loyalties were deeply intertwined. He also held strong Jacobite sympathies, meaning he actively supported the restoration of the Stuart monarchy, specifically advocating for James Francis Edward Stuart, often referred to as the "Old Pretender," to reclaim the British throne. This fervent stance put him directly at odds with the new political order that emerged after Queen Anne’s death in 1714. The subsequent succession of the Hanoverian dynasty, with King George I, ushered in an era dominated by Whig ministries. These Whig administrations were deeply distrustful of anyone harboring Jacobite leanings, viewing such allegiances as a direct threat to the stability of the crown and the burgeoning parliamentary system.

The Price of Conviction: Banished for Loyalty

The political tensions escalated, and Atterbury’s unwavering connection to the Jacobite cause eventually led to his dramatic downfall. Accused of treasonous communication with the Old Pretender – corresponding with the exiled claimant to the British throne – he faced severe consequences. In a stark display of the Hanoverian government’s determination to suppress Jacobitism and solidify its own power, Atterbury was stripped of his titles, including his bishopric, and famously banished from England in 1723. This dramatic expulsion marked the abrupt end of his public career in his home country, forcing him to live out his remaining years in exile on the continent, a poignant end for a man who had once stood at the pinnacle of both church and state.

A Legacy of Intellect and Controversy

Despite his politically enforced exile and the controversies surrounding his Jacobite sympathies, Francis Atterbury left an indelible mark as a significant figure in early 18th-century England. His extensive writings and sermons showcased a profound intellect and mastery of prose, contributing substantially to his reputation as a formidable "man of letters." His life story serves as a vivid illustration of the deep-seated political and religious divides that shaped Britain during a pivotal period of its history, where personal conviction could lead to both great advancement and devastating ruin, ensuring his place in the annals of English history.

Frequently Asked Questions About Francis Atterbury

Who was Francis Atterbury?

Francis Atterbury was a prominent English man of letters, politician, and bishop during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. He was known for his adherence to High Church Tory principles and his strong Jacobite views.

What were his key political affiliations?

He was a fervent High Church Tory, emphasizing the Anglican Church's authority and royal prerogative. Crucially, he was also a Jacobite, supporting the restoration of the Stuart monarchy through the "Old Pretender."

Why was Francis Atterbury banished?

Atterbury was banished from England by the Hanoverian Whig ministries for his communications with the Old Pretender, which was considered an act of treason against the reigning monarch, King George I.

What were his notable personal qualities?

He was widely recognized as a noted wit and a highly gifted preacher, attributes that significantly contributed to his influence and popularity before his political downfall.

When did Francis Atterbury live?

Francis Atterbury lived from March 6, 1663, to February 22, 1732.