Eustace Budgell, English journalist and politician (b. 1686)

Eustace Budgell (19 August 1686 – 4 May 1737) was a notable English figure of the early 18th century, remembered primarily as an accomplished writer and a Member of Parliament. His life, a compelling blend of intellectual prowess, political ambition, and eventual personal tragedy, offers a fascinating glimpse into the social and literary landscape of his era.

A Literary Contribution to the Augustan Age

Born in St Thomas near Exeter, Devon, Eustace Budgell emerged during a vibrant period known as the Augustan Age of English literature, an era marked by wit, satire, and the burgeoning of periodical essays. He gained significant recognition through his association with two of the most influential literary figures of his time, Joseph Addison and Richard Steele. Budgell was a frequent and valued contributor to their highly popular and groundbreaking periodical, The Spectator, which ran from 1711 to 1712, and again briefly in 1714. His essays, often characterized by their engaging prose and moral observations, helped shape the taste and manners of a rising middle class, reflecting on topics ranging from fashion and social customs to ethics and philosophy. This collaborative effort made The Spectator an enduring touchstone of English literary journalism, and Budgell's contributions, though sometimes overshadowed by his more famous mentors, were integral to its success and widespread influence.

Ventures into Politics and Public Service

Beyond his literary pursuits, Budgell also embarked on a career in politics, serving as a Member of the Irish House of Commons. His political appointments included roles as Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and later, as Accountant-General of Ireland. These positions highlight his ambition and capacity for public service, placing him within the administrative echelons of British governance in Ireland. He was known to be a protégé of Joseph Addison, who used his influence to secure Budgell's early political advancements. However, his political fortunes were not always stable, and his career was ultimately marred by financial difficulties and public scandal.

The Downfall: Scandal and Tragedy

Budgell's life took a tragic turn following significant financial losses incurred during the infamous South Sea Bubble crash of 1720, which devastated many fortunes across England. This financial ruin set the stage for his subsequent troubles. In 1733, he was accused of forging the will of Matthew Tindal, a prominent deist writer, to inherit a substantial sum. Although he was never formally prosecuted, the public accusation and the ensuing scandal severely damaged his reputation and led to his social and political ostracization. His attempts to clear his name were largely unsuccessful, and he found himself increasingly isolated and financially distressed. Faced with overwhelming debt and public disgrace, Eustace Budgell tragically took his own life on 4 May 1737, drowning himself in the Thames. He left behind a note, famously stating, "What Cato did, and Addison approved, cannot be wrong," referencing the Roman statesman Cato the Younger and Addison's popular play, Cato, which championed stoicism and suicide in the face of tyranny.

FAQs About Eustace Budgell

Who was Eustace Budgell?
Eustace Budgell was an English writer and politician active in the early 18th century, known for his contributions to The Spectator and his career in Irish politics.
What were his most significant literary contributions?
His most significant literary contributions were the essays he wrote for Joseph Addison and Richard Steele's influential periodical, The Spectator, which helped shape public discourse and literary tastes of the Augustan Age.
What was his political career like?
Budgell served as a Member of the Irish House of Commons and held positions such as Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Accountant-General of Ireland.
What led to his public downfall?
His downfall began with financial losses from the South Sea Bubble, followed by a damaging accusation in 1733 that he had forged the will of Matthew Tindal to secure an inheritance, which severely damaged his reputation.
How did Eustace Budgell die?
Eustace Budgell died by suicide on 4 May 1737, drowning himself in the River Thames, leaving a note alluding to the classical ideal of stoic self-determination.