Andor Lilienthal, Russian-Hungarian chess player (d. 2010)

Andor Lilienthal, known also by the names André, Andre, or Andrei Arnoldovich, was a truly remarkable figure in the world of chess, a Hungarian and later Soviet grandmaster whose long life spanned nearly a century, from May 5, 1911, to May 8, 2010. His career was as extensive as it was distinguished, marked by a rare and impressive feat: playing against ten different male and female world champions. What makes his record even more extraordinary is that he managed to defeat a significant number of these chess titans, leaving an indelible mark on the game’s history.

A Career Spanning Eras and Nations

Born in Moscow to Hungarian parents, Lilienthal's early life saw him develop his prodigious talent in Hungary before eventually moving to the Soviet Union in 1935, where he became a naturalized citizen. This dual nationality highlights the fascinating trajectory of his career, bridging different cultural and political landscapes during some of the 20th century's most tumultuous periods. He competed at the highest levels of chess for decades, witnessing and participating in the evolution of the game from the classical era to the highly scientific Soviet school of chess.

The Conqueror of Champions

One of the most compelling aspects of Andor Lilienthal's legacy is his ability to best a phenomenal array of world champions. His list of defeated champions reads like a 'who's who' of chess greatness: he triumphed over the second World Champion, Emanuel Lasker; the Cuban genius, third World Champion José Raúl Capablanca; the formidable fourth World Champion, Alexander Alekhine; the logical Dutchman, fifth World Champion Max Euwe; the patriarch of the Soviet school, sixth World Champion Mikhail Botvinnik; and the elegant seventh World Champion, Vasily Smyslov. Beyond these male legends, he also defeated the formidable Women's World Champion Vera Menchik. This unparalleled record against such a diverse group of champions underscores his exceptional skill, tactical prowess, and unwavering competitive spirit.

A Grandmaster Among the First

Lilienthal holds a unique place in chess history as one of the original group of grandmasters awarded the title by the International Chess Federation (FIDE) in 1950. This inaugural list recognized the world's leading players at a time when the Grandmaster title was being formally codified and established as the pinnacle of chess achievement. At the time of his passing in 2010, Andor Lilienthal was not only the oldest living grandmaster, a distinction he held for several years (though later surpassed by Yuri Averbakh), but also the very last surviving member of that pioneering FIDE cohort. His longevity, both in life and in his connection to the game's highest honors, truly set him apart.

Beyond the Board: A Mentor's Influence

While celebrated for his own playing career, Lilienthal also contributed significantly to chess as a mentor and coach, notably working with the ninth World Champion, Tigran Petrosian. This transition from active player to influential guide further illustrates his deep commitment and lifelong dedication to chess, shaping the careers of future champions and passing on his vast knowledge and experience. His sharp attacking style, particularly his contributions to the King's Indian Defense, left a lasting tactical legacy that continues to inspire players.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Who was Andor Lilienthal?
Andor Lilienthal was a distinguished Hungarian and Soviet chess player (1911–2010) known for his long career, his victories against numerous world champions, and his status as one of the original FIDE Grandmasters.
What was Andor Lilienthal's most remarkable achievement?
His most remarkable achievement was playing against ten male and female world champions and defeating seven of them: Emanuel Lasker, José Raúl Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine, Max Euwe, Mikhail Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov, and Vera Menchik.
When did Lilienthal receive the Grandmaster title?
Andor Lilienthal was among the very first group of players to be formally awarded the Grandmaster title by FIDE (International Chess Federation) in 1950.
Was Andor Lilienthal the oldest grandmaster ever?
At the time of his death in 2010, he was the oldest living grandmaster. This record was later surpassed by another chess legend, Yuri Averbakh.
What was Lilienthal's connection to the Soviet Union?
Originally from Hungary, Lilienthal moved to the Soviet Union in 1935 and became a naturalized Soviet citizen, playing under the Soviet flag for much of his career. He also coached the future World Champion Tigran Petrosian.
Which world champions did Andor Lilienthal defeat?
He defeated Emanuel Lasker, José Raúl Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine, Max Euwe, Mikhail Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov, and Vera Menchik.