Djemal Pasha, Ottoman general (d. 1922)
Ahmed Djemal Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: احمد جمال پاشا, romanized: Ahmet Cemâl Paşa; 6 May 1872 – 21 July 1922), also known as Cemal Pasha was an Ottoman military leader and one of the Three Pashas that ruled the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
Djemal was born in Mytilene, Lesbos. As a member of the II Army Corps of the Ottoman Empire he was stationed in Salonica where he developed political sympathies for the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) reformers. He was initially praised by Christian missionaries and provided support to the Armenian victims of the Adana massacres.
In the course of his army career Djemal developed a rivalry with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, served in Salonica on the frontlines of the Balkan Wars and was given the military command of Constantinople after the Raid on the Sublime Porte. Djemal's authoritarian three year rule in Syria alienated the local population who opposed Ottoman nationalism. During the Armenian genocide, his policies were not as deadly as other CUP leaders; Djemal favored the forced assimilation of Armenians.