Dhanteras, a profoundly significant Hindu religious day, marks the auspicious commencement of the grand five-day festival of Diwali in India and the vibrant Tihar festival in Nepal. This sacred observance always falls on the 13th lunar day, known as Trayodashi, during the Krishna Paksha (dark fortnight) of the Hindu calendar month of Kartik. This period typically aligns with the Gregorian months of October or November, depending on the lunar cycle.
While the broader celebrations of Diwali embody lights, joy, and prosperity, Dhanteras itself holds a distinct spiritual focus. On this day, devout Hindus widely worship Lord Dhanvantari, the revered Hindu deity of medicine and the divine physician of the gods. Prayers are fervently offered to him, seeking blessings for a long, healthy life, robust well-being, and freedom from ailments, embodying the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda, which he is believed to have bestowed upon humanity.
The Divine Lineage of Dhanvantari
Lord Dhanvantari’s origins are deeply rooted in Hindu mythology, particularly the epic Puranic narrative of the Samudra Manthan, or the great Churning of the Cosmic Ocean. During this monumental event, where gods and demons churned the primordial ocean to retrieve celestial treasures, Dhanvantari emerged from its depths, holding the pot of Amrita, the elixir of immortality. His appearance symbolizes not only the quest for eternal life but also the profound knowledge of healing and holistic health. As the progenitor of Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of natural healing, his worship on Dhanteras underscores the intrinsic value of health as the greatest wealth.
More Than Just Health: A Confluence of Deities and Prosperity
While Dhanvantari is central to Dhanteras, the day also honors other crucial deities, signifying a holistic approach to well-being that encompasses both health and material prosperity. This multi-faceted celebration sets the tone for the entire Diwali festival:
- Goddess Lakshmi: The Hindu Goddess of wealth, fortune, and prosperity, Lakshmi is invoked to shower blessings of abundance upon households and businesses. It is believed that she visits the cleanest and brightest homes, making preparation a key ritual.
- Lord Kubera: The divine treasurer of the gods and the custodian of wealth, Kubera is worshipped alongside Lakshmi. Devotees pray to him for financial stability and the safeguarding of riches.
- Yama Raj: The Lord of Death, Yama, is also honored on Dhanteras, primarily through the ritual of "Yama Deepam." Lamps are lit facing south, outside the home, to appease Yama and pray for the protection of family members from untimely death. This unique practice emphasizes the sanctity of life and the desire for longevity.
Traditions and Auspicious Beginnings
The name "Dhanteras" itself is derived from "Dhan" meaning wealth, and "Teras" referring to the 13th day. This etymology is reflected in the day's prominent traditions:
- Purchasing New Valuables: It is considered highly auspicious to buy new items on Dhanteras, especially those made of gold, silver, or new kitchen utensils (like brass or copper vessels). This practice symbolizes the acquisition of new wealth and the bringing home of prosperity, ensuring that the household remains full and blessed throughout the year. Markets bustle with activity as families flock to acquire these tokens of good fortune.
- Cleaning and Decorating Homes: Preparations for Diwali begin in earnest on Dhanteras. Homes are thoroughly cleaned, decluttered, and adorned with traditional decorations, including intricate Rangoli designs and vibrant flowers. This act signifies purification and a welcoming gesture for the divine energies of prosperity.
- Lighting Diyas: Earthen lamps (diyas) are lit in and around homes, particularly at the entrance and in front of the family altar. These lamps not only illuminate the surroundings but are also believed to ward off negative energies and invite auspiciousness. The glow of the lamps creates a warm, festive ambiance, symbolizing the triumph of light over darkness.
The Significance of Dhanteras
Dhanteras is more than just a day for acquiring material wealth; it is a profound spiritual acknowledgment of health, prosperity, and the protection of life. It serves as a powerful reminder that true wealth encompasses not only financial abundance but also physical well-being, a peaceful home, and spiritual richness. By observing Dhanteras, individuals and families embark on the Diwali journey with a sense of gratitude, hope, and renewed commitment to holistic living.
Frequently Asked Questions About Dhanteras
- When is Dhanteras celebrated?
- Dhanteras is celebrated on the 13th lunar day (Trayodashi) of the Krishna Paksha (dark fortnight) in the Hindu calendar month of Kartik. This generally falls in October or November according to the Gregorian calendar, specifically two days before the main Diwali festival.
- Why is Dhanteras considered an auspicious day for purchases?
- Dhanteras is auspicious for purchases, especially of gold, silver, and new utensils, because "Dhan" means wealth. It is believed that buying these items on this day brings good fortune, prosperity, and ensures that wealth multiplies and remains abundant in the household throughout the year.
- Which deities are primarily worshipped on Dhanteras?
- On Dhanteras, the primary deities worshipped are Lord Dhanvantari (the god of medicine and health), Goddess Lakshmi (the goddess of wealth and prosperity), Lord Kubera (the treasurer of the gods), and Lord Yama (the god of death, through the Yama Deepam ritual for protection).
- What is the significance of worshipping Lord Dhanvantari on Dhanteras?
- Worshipping Lord Dhanvantari on Dhanteras is significant because he is the divine physician and the bringer of Ayurveda. Devotees pray to him for good health, longevity, and freedom from diseases, acknowledging that health is the foundation of true wealth and well-being.
- What is the "Yama Deepam" tradition?
- Yama Deepam is a specific ritual on Dhanteras where an oil lamp (diya) is lit outside the home, often facing south, and dedicated to Lord Yama, the god of death. This is done to pray for the protection of family members from untimely death and to ensure their longevity, signifying respect for life and a desire to ward off misfortune.