荷兰国王威廉一世和教皇利奥十二世签署协议
教皇利奥十二世（意大利语：Leone XII；生于 Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga（发音 1760 年 8 月 2 日至 1829 年 2 月 10 日），从 1823 年 9 月 28 日至 1829 年去世，担任天主教会领袖和教皇国统治者.Leo XII was in ill health from the time of his election to the papacy to his death less than 6 years later, though he was noted for enduring pain well. He was a deeply conservative ruler, who enforced many controversial laws, including one forbidding犹太人拥有财产。尽管他提高了税收，但教皇国的财政状况仍然很差。