January 9 in History

Historical Events on January 9

475

Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
681

Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain.
1127

Jin-Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin dynasty besiege and sack Bianjing (Kaifeng), the capital of the Song dynasty of China, and abduct Emperor Qinzong of Song and others, ending the Northern Song dynasty.
1150

Wanyan Liang and other court officials murder Emperor Xizong of Jin. Wanyan Liang succeeds him as emperor.
1349

The Jewish population of Basel, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing Black Death, is rounded up and incinerated.
1431

Judges' investigations for the trial of Joan of Arc begin in Rouen, France, the seat of the English occupation government.
1760

Ahmad Shah Durrani defeats the Marathas in the Battle of Barari Ghat.
1788

Connecticut becomes the fifth state to ratify the Constitution.
1792

Treaty of Jassy between Russian and Ottoman Empire is signed.
1793

Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first person to fly in a balloon in the United States.
1799

British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the Napoleonic Wars.
1806

Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson receives a state funeral and is interred in St Paul's Cathedral.
1816

Sir Humphry Davy tests his safety lamp for miners at Hebburn Colliery.
1822

The Portuguese prince Pedro I of Brazil decides to stay in Brazil against the orders of the Portuguese King João VI, beginning the Brazilian independence process.
1839

The French Academy of Sciences announces the Daguerreotype photography process.
1857

The 7.9 Mw Fort Tejon earthquake shakes Central and Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).
1858

Anson Jones, the last President of the Republic of Texas, commits suicide.
1861

American Civil War: "Star of the West" incident occurs near Charleston, South Carolina.
1861

Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union before the outbreak of the American Civil War.
1878

Umberto I becomes King of Italy.
1894

New England Telephone and Telegraph installs the first battery-operated telephone switchboard in Lexington, Massachusetts.
1903

Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson, son of the poet Alfred Tennyson, becomes the second Governor-General of Australia.
1909

Ernest Shackleton, leading the Nimrod Expedition to the South Pole, plants the British flag 97 nautical miles (180 km; 112 mi) from the South Pole, the farthest anyone had ever reached at that time.
1914

Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity Inc., the first historically black intercollegiate Greek-letter fraternity to be officially recognized at Howard University, is founded.
1916

World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli concludes with an Ottoman Empire victory when the last Allied forces are evacuated from the peninsula.
1917

World War I: The Battle of Rafa is fought near the Egyptian border with Palestine.
1918

Battle of Bear Valley: The last battle of the American Indian Wars.
1921

Greco-Turkish War: The First Battle of İnönü, the first battle of the war, begins near Eskişehir in Anatolia.
1923

Juan de la Cierva makes the first autogyro flight.
1923

Lithuanian residents of the Memel Territory rebel against the League of Nations' decision to leave the area as a mandated region under French control.
1927

A fire at the Laurier Palace movie theatre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, kills 78 children.
1941

World War II: First flight of the Avro Lancaster.
1945

World War II: The Sixth United States Army begins the invasion of Lingayen Gulf.
1957

British Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden resigns from office following his failure to retake the Suez Canal from Egyptian sovereignty.
1960

President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser opens construction on the Aswan Dam by detonating ten tons of dynamite to demolish twenty tons of granite on the east bank of the Nile.
1964

Martyrs' Day: Several Panamanian youths try to raise the Panamanian flag in the U.S.-controlled Panama Canal Zone, leading to fighting between U.S. military and Panamanian civilians.
1965

The Mirzapur Cadet College formally opens for academic activities in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
1991

Representatives from the United States and Iraq meet at the Geneva Peace Conference to try to find a peaceful resolution to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.
1992

The Assembly of the Serb People in Bosnia and Herzegovina proclaims the creation of Republika Srpska, a new state within Yugoslavia.
1996

First Chechen War: Chechen separatists launch a raid against the helicopter airfield and later a civilian hospital in the city of Kizlyar in the neighboring Dagestan, which turns into a massive hostage crisis involving thousands of civilians.
2004

An inflatable boat carrying illegal Albanian emigrants stalls near the Karaburun Peninsula en route to Brindisi, Italy; exposure to the elements kills 28.
2005

Mahmoud Abbas wins the election to succeed Yasser Arafat as President of the Palestinian National Authority, replacing interim president Rawhi Fattouh.
2005

The Sudan People's Liberation Movement and the Government of Sudan sign the Comprehensive Peace Agreement to end the Second Sudanese Civil War.
2007

Apple CEO Steve Jobs introduces the original iPhone at a Macworld keynote in San Francisco.
2011

Iran Air Flight 277 crashes near Orumiyeh in the northeast of the country, killing 77 people.
2014

An explosion at a Mitsubishi Materials chemical plant in Yokkaichi, Japan, kills at least five people and injures 17 others.
2015

The perpetrators of the Charlie Hebdo shooting in Paris two days earlier are both killed after a hostage situation; a a second hostage situation, related to the Charlie Hebdo shooting, occurs at a Jewish market in Vincennes.

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