One of the largest investigations by a British police force ends when serial killer Peter Sutcliffe, the "Yorkshire Ripper", is arrested in Sheffield, South Yorkshire.

Peter William Sutcliffe: The Yorkshire Ripper's Reign of Terror and its Enduring Legacy

Peter William Sutcliffe, also known by his mother's maiden name, Peter William Coonan, was an infamous English serial killer who terrorized Northern England. The press, drawing a chilling parallel to the Victorian-era murderer Jack the Ripper, christened him "The Yorkshire Ripper" due to the brutal nature and geographical concentration of his crimes. His murderous spree, which gripped the nation in fear, spanned from 1975 to 1980.

Crimes and Conviction

On May 22, 1981, Peter Sutcliffe was found guilty of a horrific catalogue of crimes: the murder of 13 women and the attempted murder of seven others. These heinous acts plunged communities into widespread panic and suspicion. Following his conviction, he was handed 20 concurrent sentences of life imprisonment. In 2010, these sentences were converted to a whole life order, a legal directive ensuring he would never be released from custody, serving the remainder of his life incarcerated. While the majority of Sutcliffe's murders occurred in West Yorkshire, two of his victims were tragically killed in Manchester, extending the geographical reach of his terror.

Modus Operandi and Victim Selection

Initially, Sutcliffe's attacks targeted women and girls in residential areas, seemingly without a specific pattern based on occupation. However, his focus appeared to shift disturbingly towards red-light districts. This change was reportedly driven by his attraction to the perceived vulnerability of sex workers and, disturbingly, a belief in the ambivalence of the police towards the safety of prostitutes at the time, which tragically proved to be a significant misjudgment by the authorities. It was alleged that Sutcliffe himself had regularly utilized the services of prostitutes in cities such as Leeds and Bradford prior to his arrest.

Arrest, Confession, and Trial

The extensive manhunt for the Yorkshire Ripper finally concluded in January 1981 when Sutcliffe was apprehended in Sheffield by South Yorkshire Police. The initial arrest was for a seemingly minor offense: driving with false number plates. However, following his transfer to West Yorkshire Police, who had been leading the investigation into the Ripper killings, Sutcliffe was questioned more extensively. During interrogation, he shocking confessed to being the perpetrator, claiming he was on a divine mission, stating that "the voice of God" had instructed him to kill prostitutes. At his subsequent trial, Sutcliffe pleaded not guilty to murder, arguing diminished responsibility due to his mental state. Despite this plea, the jury, after careful deliberation, returned a majority verdict, convicting him of murder. After his conviction, Sutcliffe began to use his mother's maiden name, Coonan, perhaps to distance himself from the notoriety of "Sutcliffe."

The Historic Manhunt and its Controversial Aftermath

The search for Peter Sutcliffe became one of the largest and most expensive manhunts in British history, consuming immense police resources and causing immense public anxiety. Despite the unprecedented scale of the investigation, West Yorkshire Police faced significant public and political criticism for their failure to apprehend Sutcliffe sooner, especially given that he had been interviewed nine times during their five-year inquiry. The investigation was plagued by an exceptional volume of information, much of which was misleading. A particularly damaging element was the "Wearside Jack" hoax, which involved recorded messages and letters purporting to be from the "Ripper," diverting valuable police resources and attention away from the genuine culprit. This infamous hoax became a symbol of the investigative failures.

The Byford Report and Police Reform

Following Sutcliffe's conviction, the government, recognizing the serious public and institutional concerns, commissioned a comprehensive review of the investigation. This crucial inquiry was conducted by the Inspector of Constabulary, Lawrence Byford, and became widely known as the "Byford Report." The full findings of this report were made public in 2006, reaffirming the validity of the widespread criticism leveled against the police force's handling of the case. The Byford Report's recommendations were instrumental in initiating significant changes to investigative procedures, leading to widespread adoption of new protocols across all UK police forces. Even decades later, in 2019, The Guardian newspaper described the manhunt as "stunningly mishandled," underscoring the enduring impact of the investigative failures. Furthermore, since his conviction in 1981, Sutcliffe has been linked to a number of other unsolved murders and attacks, raising questions about the full extent of his criminality.

Custody, Health, and Death

In March 1984, after being formally diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, Peter Sutcliffe was transferred from prison to Broadmoor Hospital, a high-security psychiatric facility, for treatment and detention. In 2010, the High Court dismissed an appeal by Sutcliffe, unequivocally confirming that he would serve a whole life order, ensuring he would never be released from custody. In August 2016, following a ruling that he was mentally fit to be returned to a conventional prison environment, Sutcliffe was transferred to HM Prison Frankland in Durham. Peter William Sutcliffe died on November 13, 2020, at the age of 74, from complications related to COVID-19, while in prison custody in hospital. His death marked the final chapter for one of Britain's most notorious serial killers, though the profound impact of his crimes and the lessons learned from the investigation continue to resonate.

Frequently Asked Questions About Peter Sutcliffe

Who was Peter William Sutcliffe?
Peter William Sutcliffe, infamously known as the Yorkshire Ripper, was an English serial killer convicted of murdering 13 women and attempting to murder seven others between 1975 and 1980.
How did Peter Sutcliffe get the nickname "The Yorkshire Ripper"?
The press dubbed him "The Yorkshire Ripper" due to his brutal methods and the geographical concentration of his crimes in West Yorkshire, drawing a chilling parallel to the 19th-century serial killer Jack the Ripper.
What was the outcome of his trial?
On May 22, 1981, Peter Sutcliffe was found guilty of 13 murders and 7 attempted murders. He was sentenced to 20 concurrent life sentences, which were later converted to a whole life order, meaning he would never be released.
What was the "Wearside Jack" hoax?
The "Wearside Jack" hoax involved misleading recorded messages and letters sent to the police, purporting to be from the "Ripper." This significantly hampered the investigation by diverting valuable police resources and attention from the genuine killer.
What was the significance of the Byford Report?
The Byford Report was a government-commissioned review of the Yorkshire Ripper investigation. Its findings, made public in 2006, confirmed criticisms of the police handling of the case and led to significant changes and reforms in investigative procedures adopted across all UK police forces.
When and how did Peter Sutcliffe die?
Peter William Sutcliffe died on November 13, 2020, at the age of 74, from complications related to COVID-19 while in hospital custody.