Hamengkubuwono IX, Indonesian politician, 2nd Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1988)

Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, born Gusti Raden Mas Dorodjatun on 12 April 1912, was a towering figure in Indonesian history, whose life exemplified dedication to his people and nation. He passed away on 2 October 1988, leaving behind an indelible legacy. Renowned as a statesman, a revered royal leader, and a guiding light for youth, he held the distinction of being Indonesia's second Vice President, the ninth Sultan of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, and its first Governor. His profound commitment to the development of young minds also led him to become the Chairman of the first National Scout Movement Quarter, earning him the affectionate and enduring title of the Father of the Indonesian Scouts.

A Royal Leader and Nationalist

Hamengkubuwono IX ascended to the throne as the Sultan of Yogyakarta on 18 March 1940, amidst a period of significant geopolitical upheaval. From his earliest days as a ruler, he demonstrated a strong sense of nationalism, a trait that would prove crucial for Indonesia's future. Unlike many other regional monarchs who initially sided with colonial powers, he firmly threw his support behind the nascent Republic of Indonesia during its struggle for independence against Dutch re-colonization after World War II. His famous declaration, "Yogyakarta is part of the Republic of Indonesia," and his decision to open the Keraton (royal palace) as the temporary capital for the Republic between 1946 and 1949, were pivotal moments that cemented Yogyakarta's unique status and his own role as a national hero. This steadfast loyalty ensured that Yogyakarta maintained its special autonomous status within the Republic, with the Sultan serving as its hereditary governor, a system that continues to this day.

National Service as Vice President

His unwavering commitment to the nation extended beyond his royal duties. In a testament to his statesmanship and widespread respect, Hamengkubuwono IX was elected as Indonesia's second Vice President, serving from 1973 to 1978 under President Suharto. During his tenure, he played a vital role in upholding national unity and stability during a period of complex political and economic development. His presence in the highest echelons of government provided a moral compass and a link to the foundational values of the independent nation.

Father of Indonesian Scouts (Bapak Pramuka)

Beyond politics, Hamengkubuwono IX possessed a deep passion for youth development, especially through the scouting movement. He believed strongly in instilling discipline, self-reliance, and a sense of civic duty in young Indonesians. He was instrumental in unifying various disparate scouting organizations across the archipelago into a single, cohesive national movement: Gerakan Pramuka. As the Chairman of the first National Scout Movement Quarter (Kwarnas), he dedicated considerable effort to establishing its principles and structure, earning him the revered title of Bapak Pramuka, or the Father of the Indonesian Scouts. His vision helped shape generations of Indonesian youth, fostering their growth into responsible and contributing members of society.

A Lasting Legacy

Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX's life was a testament to selfless leadership and an enduring commitment to his people and country. From securing Yogyakarta's unique autonomy and aiding the birth of the Indonesian Republic to guiding the nation as Vice President and nurturing its youth through scouting, his contributions span multiple crucial facets of modern Indonesian history. He remains an iconic figure, admired for his integrity, wisdom, and profound dedication, symbolizing the harmonious blend of traditional royalty with modern republican ideals.

Frequently Asked Questions about Hamengkubuwono IX

Who was Hamengkubuwono IX?

Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX was a pivotal Indonesian statesman and royal figure. He served as the ninth Sultan of Yogyakarta, the first Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, and Indonesia's second Vice President. He is also affectionately known as the Father of the Indonesian Scouts.

What was his role during Indonesia's struggle for independence?

He played a crucial role by openly supporting the Republic of Indonesia against Dutch re-colonization. He famously declared Yogyakarta's allegiance to the Republic and offered his palace as the temporary capital, significantly bolstering the independence movement.

Why is he called the "Father of the Indonesian Scouts"?

He earned this title, Bapak Pramuka, due to his instrumental efforts in unifying various scouting organizations into the national Gerakan Pramuka (National Scout Movement) and serving as the Chairman of its first National Quarter. He dedicated himself to promoting youth development through scouting.

When did he serve as Vice President?

Hamengkubuwono IX served as the second Vice President of Indonesia from 1973 to 1978.

What is the significance of Yogyakarta's special status related to him?

Due to his unwavering support for the Republic during its formation, Yogyakarta was granted a unique special autonomous status, where the Sultan automatically serves as the hereditary Governor, a system largely established and solidified by his actions and influence.