Harvey Ball, American illustrator, created the smiley (b. 1921)

Harvey Ross Ball, born on July 10, 1921, and who passed away on April 12, 2001, was a gifted American commercial artist whose most enduring creation became an internationally recognized symbol of goodwill and happiness. While his professional career encompassed a range of artistic endeavors, it was a deceptively simple design that cemented his place in cultural history.

The Birth of a Universal Symbol

In 1963, Ball was commissioned by State Mutual Life Assurance Company of Worcester, Massachusetts. The company sought to boost employee morale during a period of internal mergers and a generally low atmosphere. For this crucial task, Ball conceived a bright yellow circle featuring two dots for eyes and an upturned arc for a smile. This iconic design, which took him mere minutes to create, was intended to be a friendly visual reminder for employees to smile and feel positive. It was first used on buttons, desk cards, and other internal company materials, instantly brightening the workplace environment.

A Global Phenomenon with Modest Origins

What began as an internal corporate morale booster quickly transcended its original purpose. The smiley graphic, with its undeniable simplicity and universal appeal, rapidly evolved into a global phenomenon, becoming an enduring and notable international icon. It proliferated across merchandise, pop culture, and various movements, symbolizing everything from peace and love in the 1970s to digital communication in the modern age. Despite its monumental success and pervasive presence, Ball's personal financial gain from this widely adopted image was remarkably modest. He was paid a one-time fee of just $45 for his design work and, notably, never applied for a trademark or copyright for the iconic smiley image. This decision meant he received no further royalties or financial benefits from its widespread commercialization, a poignant detail that often sparks discussions about intellectual property and the value of design in a rapidly changing world.

Legacy and Philanthropy: The World Smile Foundation

As the decades passed and the smiley face continued its global journey, Harvey Ross Ball reflected on its profound impact. In 1999, toward the end of his life, he founded the World Smile Foundation. This non-profit charitable trust was established with a mission to spread positivity and support children's causes around the globe, embodying the very spirit of the iconic image he had created. The foundation champions various initiatives aimed at improving the lives of children, ensuring that the legacy of the smiley face extends beyond a mere graphic to tangible acts of kindness and assistance worldwide.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Who was Harvey Ross Ball?

Harvey Ross Ball was an American commercial artist, primarily known for designing the iconic smiley face graphic.

When was the smiley face created?

He designed the original smiley face in 1963.

What was the original purpose of the smiley face design?

It was created for State Mutual Life Assurance Company to boost employee morale during a challenging period of mergers.

How much did Harvey Ross Ball earn for the smiley face design?

He received a one-time payment of $45 for his design and never trademarked it, thus earning no further royalties from its global popularity.

Did Harvey Ross Ball have any other significant legacies?

Yes, in 1999, he founded the World Smile Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to supporting children's causes globally.