Richard de Bury, English bishop and politician, Lord Chancellor of The United Kingdom (b. 1287)

Richard de Bury (January 24, 1287 – April 14, 1345), also known by his birth name Richard Aungerville or Aungervyle, was a prominent English figure who left an indelible mark on the intellectual landscape of his era. A man of diverse talents and profound intellect, he served as an English priest, a dedicated teacher, an influential bishop, a prolific writer, and, perhaps most famously, an ardent bibliophile. His life spanned a period of significant cultural and political transition in England, and his contributions reflect a deep commitment to learning and the preservation of knowledge.

A Life Dedicated to Learning and Service

Born in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, Richard de Bury's alternative surname, Aungerville, likely derives from his family's ancestral home in the region. He received an excellent education, possibly at Oxford, a common path for ambitious young men destined for ecclesiastical or administrative careers. His abilities did not go unnoticed, and he quickly rose through the ranks, eventually becoming a clerk in the royal chancery. His close association with the royal family further solidified his position; he served as a tutor to the future King Edward III, a role that placed him at the heart of political power and intellectual discourse. This connection proved invaluable, granting him access to resources and opportunities that would shape his lifelong passion.

As his career progressed, Richard de Bury held several significant ecclesiastical positions, culminating in his appointment as Bishop of Durham in 1333, a powerful and wealthy see. He also served as Lord Chancellor of England and as Lord Treasurer, demonstrating his considerable administrative acumen and trust within the highest echelons of government. These high offices often involved diplomatic missions across Europe, particularly to the papal court at Avignon. These travels were not merely official duties; they provided him with unparalleled opportunities to scour libraries, monasteries, and private collections, fueling his insatiable quest for books.

The Passionate Bibliophile and Patron of Knowledge

Richard de Bury stands out in history as one of the earliest and most passionate English collectors of books. In an age when books were precious, often chained to desks in monastic libraries, and personal collections were rare, his dedication was truly exceptional. He amassed an enormous private library, reputedly one of the largest of his time, with an estimated collection of thousands of volumes. His enthusiasm for books was not merely possessive; it stemmed from a profound belief in the transformative power of knowledge. He viewed books as the vessels of wisdom, the "golden vessels" holding the divine treasure of learning, and he was driven by a desire to make this knowledge accessible.

Beyond collecting, he was a genuine patron of learning. He actively encouraged scholars, provided them with resources, and sought to foster an environment where intellectual pursuits could flourish. His ultimate ambition was to establish a college at Oxford – Durham College (later absorbed by other colleges) – with a comprehensive library that would house his magnificent collection, making it available to students and scholars for generations to come. This vision underscored his commitment to the broader dissemination of knowledge, moving beyond mere personal acquisition.

The Enduring Legacy: Philobiblon

Richard de Bury's most enduring legacy is his masterpiece, the "Philobiblon," a title that literally translates from Greek as "The Love of Books." Completed shortly before his death in 1345, this treatise is far more than a personal testament to his passion; it is a profound philosophical work on the value of books, the pursuit of learning, and the proper care of libraries. Written primarily for the clergy, it aimed to "inculcate" – or instill – in them a fervent pursuit of learning and a deep love for books. He observed with concern the neglect of books and learning within some parts of the clergy, advocating for a return to scholarly diligence.

The "Philobiblon" is particularly significant because it is considered one of the earliest texts to discuss librarianship in considerable depth. It laid out a comprehensive philosophy for the acquisition, preservation, organization, and lending of books. De Bury passionately argued for the careful treatment of books, condemning their mistreatment and advocating for proper shelving, cataloging, and access. He detailed the moral and practical responsibilities of librarians and scholars alike, urging them to treat books with reverence, not merely as objects but as living repositories of wisdom. His insights into library management, the selection of texts, and the ideal environment for study were remarkably progressive for his era, making the "Philobiblon" a foundational text in the history of bibliography and library science. Its eloquent prose and fervent defense of intellectual endeavor ensured its survival and influence for centuries, inspiring countless book lovers and librarians.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Who was Richard de Bury?

Richard de Bury (1287-1345), also known as Richard Aungerville, was an English priest, teacher, bishop, writer, and an eminent bibliophile. He served in high ecclesiastical and governmental offices, including Bishop of Durham and Lord Chancellor, and is celebrated for his vast book collection and his work, the "Philobiblon."

What is the "Philobiblon"?

The "Philobiblon" is Richard de Bury's most famous work, a treatise written shortly before his death in 1345. Its title means "The Love of Books," and it advocates for the pursuit of learning and the proper care of books, particularly among the clergy. It is also significant for its early in-depth discussion of librarianship.

Why is Richard de Bury considered important for books and libraries?

He is considered one of the first great English book collectors, amassing an impressive private library at a time when books were rare. His "Philobiblon" provides foundational insights into librarianship, covering aspects like book acquisition, preservation, organization, and scholarly access, thereby influencing the development of library science and book culture.

What roles did Richard de Bury hold during his life?

He held numerous influential positions, including English priest, teacher, Bishop of Durham, Lord Chancellor of England, and Lord Treasurer. These roles allowed him access to resources and opportunities that supported his passion for books and learning.

Did Richard de Bury really collect many books?

Yes, he was a renowned bibliophile who reportedly amassed one of the largest private libraries of his time, estimated to contain thousands of volumes. He actively sought out books during his travels and intended for his collection to form the basis of a college library at Oxford.