Hsuan Hua, Chinese-American monk and author (d. 1995)

Venerable Master Hsuan Hua (Chinese: 宣化; pinyin: Xuānhuà; literally meaning 'proclaim and transform'), born on April 16, 1918, and passing on June 7, 1995, was an eminent Chinese monk of Chan Buddhism. Known by his Western disciples as An Tzu, Tu Lun, or simply Master Hua, he stands as a profoundly influential figure in the late 20th century for his pivotal role in introducing and establishing Chinese Buddhism in the United States. His unwavering commitment and vision laid foundational stones for the flourishing of the Dharma in the Western world.

The Venerable Master's Spiritual Journey and Mission

Born in northeastern China, Hsuan Hua embarked on a spiritual path early in life, eventually becoming a monk in the Chan tradition, which is perhaps better known in the West by its Japanese name, Zen. His profound understanding and practice of the Dharma propelled him to undertake a monumental mission: to transplant the rich traditions of Chinese Buddhism to American soil. Arriving in the United States in the 1960s, a period of significant cultural and spiritual openness, Master Hsuan Hua began teaching, emphasizing ethical conduct, scriptural study, and meditation, thereby offering a comprehensive approach to Buddhist practice.

Foundational Institutions in the West

Master Hsuan Hua's vision materialized through the establishment of several key institutions that continue to thrive and disseminate Buddhist teachings globally.

The Dharma Realm Buddhist Association (DRBA)

At the heart of his efforts is the Dharma Realm Buddhist Association (DRBA), which he founded as a comprehensive Buddhist organization. The DRBA serves as a global umbrella for numerous monasteries, temples, and educational centers. With active chapters spanning North America, Australia, and Asia, it is dedicated to propagating the genuine Dharma, fostering spiritual growth, and promoting interfaith understanding. The DRBA's mission encompasses various facets of Buddhist practice, including monastic training, lay cultivation, and social engagement.

The City of Ten Thousand Buddhas (CTTB)

Perhaps one of his most ambitious and enduring legacies is the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas (CTTB), located on a vast, serene campus in Ukiah, California. Established as one of the very first Chan Buddhist monasteries in America, CTTB is not merely a place of worship but a vibrant, self-sufficient spiritual community. It serves as a center for monastic training, an educational hub with schools from elementary to university level, and a sanctuary for practitioners and visitors alike, embodying a holistic approach to Buddhist life and practice in the Western context.

Dharma Realm Buddhist University (DRBU)

Within the tranquil setting of CTTB, Venerable Master Hsuan Hua also founded Dharma Realm Buddhist University (DRBU). This unique institution offers a rigorous academic curriculum that integrates traditional Buddhist teachings with Western liberal arts education. DRBU aims to cultivate individuals who are not only intellectually discerning but also ethically grounded and spiritually aware, preparing them to contribute meaningfully to society by embodying wisdom and compassion.

The Buddhist Text Translation Society (BTTS)

Recognizing the critical need for accurate and accessible Buddhist scriptures in English and other languages, Master Hsuan Hua established the Buddhist Text Translation Society (BTTS). This monumental undertaking is devoted to the meticulous work of translating Buddhist scriptures from their original Chinese into English, Vietnamese, Spanish, and many other languages. The BTTS emphasizes a multi-step translation process that includes careful phonetic transliteration, ensuring not only linguistic accuracy but also doctrinal fidelity, thereby making the profound teachings of the Buddha available to a much wider global audience.

FAQs About Venerable Master Hsuan Hua and His Legacy

Who was Venerable Master Hsuan Hua?

Venerable Master Hsuan Hua was a highly influential Chinese Chan Buddhist monk who played a crucial role in introducing Chinese Buddhism to the United States and the Western world during the late 20th century. He was known for his rigorous spiritual practice and his extensive efforts in establishing Buddhist institutions.

What is Chan Buddhism?

Chan Buddhism, often known as Zen Buddhism in Japan, is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China. It emphasizes meditation, direct experience, and the realization of one's inherent Buddha-nature, often through disciplined practice and the guidance of a master.

Why is Master Hsuan Hua significant to Western Buddhism?

Master Hsuan Hua is significant because he was among the first to bring a comprehensive and authentic Chinese Mahayana Buddhist tradition, including its monastic institutions and scriptures, to the West. He made the teachings accessible to Westerners and established a robust framework for their practice and study.

What major institutions did Venerable Master Hsuan Hua found?

He founded several key institutions, including the Dharma Realm Buddhist Association (DRBA), the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas (CTTB), Dharma Realm Buddhist University (DRBU), and the Buddhist Text Translation Society (BTTS). These organizations collectively serve as pillars for the propagation and study of Buddhism.

What is the purpose of the Buddhist Text Translation Society (BTTS)?

The BTTS was established by Master Hsuan Hua to translate Buddhist scriptures from Chinese into various languages, including English, Vietnamese, and Spanish. Its primary goal is to make these profound teachings widely accessible to people around the world while ensuring the highest level of accuracy and authenticity in translation.