Evangelos Averoff, Greek historian and politician, Greek Minister of Defence (d. 1990)

Evangelos Averof-Tossizza, born Evangelos Averof and also known by the fuller name Ευάγγελος Αβέρωφ Τοσίτσας in Greek, was a towering figure in 20th-century Greek politics and a notable author. He entered the world on April 17, 1910, in Trikala, a picturesque city nestled in the plains of Thessaly, and passed away in Athens on January 2, 1990. The son of Anastasios Averof, he hailed from a prominent Vlach family with deep roots in Metsovo, Epirus, known for its significant contributions to Greece, particularly in philanthropy and public service.

A Distinguished Political Career

Averof-Tossizza’s political journey was both extensive and influential, spanning several crucial decades of modern Greek history. A self-described right-wing politician, he held numerous ministerial portfolios in various governments, demonstrating his versatility and consistent dedication to public service. His career began before World War II, but it was in the post-war era that he truly emerged as a pivotal statesman.

• Minister of Supply and Minister of National Economy: His initial roles showcased his focus on the nation's economic stability and recovery.
• Minister of Foreign Affairs: Perhaps one of his most significant roles, he served as Foreign Minister for an extended period, particularly during critical juncoined such as the Cyprus dispute and Greece's evolving relationship with its NATO allies and the European Economic Community (EEC). His diplomatic efforts were instrumental in shaping Greece's international standing.
• Minister of National Defence: He also took on the demanding role of Minister of National Defence, a position that placed him at the heart of Greece’s security policies during the Cold War era.
• Leader of New Democracy: Following the fall of the military junta and the restoration of democracy in 1974, Averof-Tossizza played a crucial role in the conservative New Democracy party. He eventually assumed its leadership, succeeding Konstantinos Karamanlis in 1981, guiding the party through a period of significant political transition.

Throughout his political life, Averof-Tossizza navigated a complex landscape of domestic challenges and international pressures, always striving to uphold what he perceived as the national interest. His policy stances were often characterized by a strong belief in Western alliances, a robust national defense, and economic stability.

A Prolific Author and Intellectual

Beyond his political achievements, Evangelos Averof-Tossizza was also a distinguished intellectual and a prolific author. He penned several insightful books that delved into intricate political and historical topics, offering his unique perspective as both a participant and an observer of history. His writings are considered valuable resources for understanding the political thought and historical events of 20th-century Greece.

• His works often explored themes of Greek national identity, the Balkan geopolitical landscape, and the complexities of international relations.
• He published both non-fiction analytical works and historical accounts, demonstrating a deep engagement with the academic and public discourse of his time.

Historical Context and Controversies

The period during which Averof-Tossizza was active in politics was marked by significant societal and political turmoil in Greece, including periods of political instability, military rule, and intense public debate. Like many prominent figures of his era, his career intersected with events that continue to be subjects of historical inquiry and discussion.

One such event that generated considerable public and political controversy was the death of Aleksandros Panagoulis in 1976. Panagoulis, an ardent opponent of the military junta, died in a car crash, officially ruled an accident. However, his death immediately sparked widespread public outcry and fueled numerous theories of political foul play and assassination attempts, becoming a lasting symbol of the era's deep-seated divisions and suspicions. These theories, often involving speculation about the involvement of various political figures or intelligence services, continue to be discussed in the context of Greece’s volatile post-junta political climate, reflecting the intense emotions and lingering questions surrounding that turbulent period.

Later Life and Legacy

Evangelos Averof-Tossizza remained a respected voice in Greek public life until his passing in 1990. His legacy is multifaceted: a seasoned politician who served in numerous critical capacities, a leader of the conservative movement, and an intellectual whose writings offered valuable insights into Greek history and politics. He is remembered for his dedication to modernizing Greece and for his efforts to secure its place within the European family of nations.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

When and where was Evangelos Averof-Tossizza born?

Evangelos Averof-Tossizza was born on April 17, 1910, in Trikala, Greece.

When did he pass away?

He passed away on January 2, 1990, in Athens, Greece.

What was his political affiliation?

He was a prominent right-wing Greek politician, most notably serving as a leader of the New Democracy party.

What were some of the key ministerial roles he held?

He held significant portfolios including Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of National Defence, Minister of Supply, and Minister of National Economy, among others.

Was he also an author?

Yes, he was a prolific author who wrote several books on political and historical topics, offering valuable perspectives on 20th-century Greek affairs.

What was his connection to the name "Tossizza"?

The name "Tossizza" reflects his connection to the prominent Averof family, which has deep roots in Metsovo and historically supported numerous philanthropic and national causes, often associating with the Tossizza Foundation.

Did he play a role during the Greek military junta (1967-1974)?

During the military dictatorship, Averof-Tossizza was a vocal opponent and was even imprisoned for his resistance. He played a significant role in the re-establishment of democratic institutions after the junta's fall in 1974.