Dhondo Keshav Karve, Indian educator and activist, Bharat Ratna Awardee (d. 1962)

Dhondo Keshav Karve (धोंडो केशव कर्वे), affectionately known across India as Maharshi Karve (महर्षी कर्वे), was a truly remarkable figure whose life, spanning from April 18, 1858, to November 9, 1962, was a testament to his unwavering dedication to social reform. The appellation "Maharshi," a Sanskrit term meaning "a great sage" or "a great seer," was bestowed upon him by the Indian public, reflecting the immense respect and admiration he garnered for his visionary work.

Karve emerged as a towering personality in late 19th and early 20th century India, particularly as a tireless advocate for women's welfare. During a period when societal norms often relegated women, especially widows, to a life of hardship and limited opportunities, Karve championed radical change. He courageously advocated for widow remarriage, a concept largely taboo and fiercely resisted by conservative sections of society. His commitment was not merely theoretical; he exemplified his beliefs by marrying a widow himself, a powerful act that challenged entrenched customs and offered a beacon of hope for many.

Beyond advocating for the social dignity of widows, Karve was a pioneer in promoting their education. He firmly believed that education was the key to empowering women and enabling them to lead independent and fulfilling lives. His most enduring legacy in this field is undoubtedly the establishment of India's first women's university, the Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey (SNDT) Women's University. Founded with a vision to provide higher education exclusively for women, this institution stands as a monumental achievement and a symbol of his unwavering resolve to break down barriers to female learning.

Karve's lifelong efforts and profound impact on Indian society did not go unrecognized. In 1958, a truly special year marking his 100th birthday, the Government of India honored him with the Bharat Ratna, the nation's highest civilian award. This prestigious recognition underscored his century of selfless service and his pivotal role in ushering in transformative social reforms, particularly in the realm of women's empowerment.

Frequently Asked Questions about Dhondo Keshav Karve

Who was Dhondo Keshav Karve?

Dhondo Keshav Karve, popularly known as Maharshi Karve, was a prominent Indian social reformer born in 1858 who dedicated his life to advancing women's welfare and education in India. He passed away in 1962, leaving behind a profound legacy.

What does 'Maharshi' mean, and why was he called that?

'Maharshi' is a Sanskrit term that translates to "a great sage" or "a great seer." This title was affectionately given to Dhondo Keshav Karve by the Indian public to honor his profound wisdom, visionary leadership, and significant contributions to society, particularly in advocating for social justice and equality.

What were his main contributions to women's welfare?

His primary contributions included tirelessly advocating for widow remarriage, personally marrying a widow to set an example, and pioneering women's education. He notably founded India's first women's university, the SNDT Women's University.

Which university did he found?

Dhondo Keshav Karve founded the Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey (SNDT) Women's University, which holds the distinction of being the first women's university in India. It was established with the specific aim of providing higher education opportunities for women.

When did Dhondo Keshav Karve receive the Bharat Ratna?

He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor, in 1958. This prestigious recognition coincided with his 100th birthday, celebrating a century of dedicated service to the nation.

Why was his advocacy for widow remarriage particularly significant?

In 19th and early 20th century Indian society, widow remarriage was largely forbidden and socially condemned, leading to immense suffering for widows. Karve's vocal advocacy and, more importantly, his personal act of marrying a widow, directly challenged these deeply entrenched and restrictive customs, making him a revolutionary figure in the fight for women's dignity and rights.