The Evolution of Australia's National Anthem: "Advance Australia Fair"

At the heart of Australia's national identity stands "Advance Australia Fair," its stirring national anthem. This melody, instantly recognizable to Australians, has a rich and somewhat winding history, reflecting the nation's own journey of self-discovery and evolving identity. Originally penned by the Scottish-born composer Peter Dodds McCormick, the song first resonated with the public in 1878, performed as a heartfelt patriotic tune in a burgeoning colonial Australia.

McCormick, a man deeply involved in Sydney's musical life, composed "Advance Australia Fair" at a time when Australia was a collection of colonies, slowly moving towards federation. His composition quickly gained popularity, sung in schools and at public events, becoming an unofficial anthem of Australian pride long before it achieved official status.

A Journey to Official Recognition

From Patriotic Song to National Anthem

The path for "Advance Australia Fair" to officially replace "God Save the Queen" was not a straight one. It first stepped into the role of national anthem in 1974. This significant change followed a nationwide opinion survey, a clear indication of a growing desire among Australians for a distinct musical symbol that truly reflected their burgeoning national identity, separate from the British monarchy. However, this initial adoption was short-lived; "God Save the Queen" was reinstated in January 1976, highlighting the lingering ties and differing sentiments within the population.

The debate over the national song, however, did not subside. In 1977, the Australian people were again given a voice through a national plebiscite (a direct vote by eligible voters on a specific question). The results were decisive: "Advance Australia Fair" was overwhelmingly preferred, signaling a clear mandate for its restoration as the national anthem. Consequently, in 1984, it was officially and definitively reinstated, cementing its place as Australia's primary national song.

The Royal Anthem: "God Save the King/Queen"

With "Advance Australia Fair" firmly established, "God Save the King" (or "God Save the Queen," depending on the reigning monarch) transitioned into a distinct role. It became known as the Royal Anthem, reserved for specific occasions such as public engagements attended by the Monarch or other members of the Royal Family when visiting Australia. This arrangement respectfully acknowledges Australia's constitutional monarchy while affirming its independent national identity.

The Evolving Lyrics: Reflecting a Nation's Soul

The version of "Advance Australia Fair" adopted in 1984 was not identical to McCormick's original. Its lyrics underwent significant modifications to better represent a modern, inclusive Australia. McCormick's initial four verses were trimmed down to two, making the anthem more concise. More importantly, the wording was subtly yet powerfully altered. For instance, the original line "Australia's sons let us rejoice" was changed to "Australians all let us rejoice," a vital shift towards gender inclusivity, acknowledging the contributions of all citizens.

The evolution continued into the 21st century. In a move reflecting a deeper national reckoning with its Indigenous history, the lyrics were changed again in January 2021. The line "For we are young and free" was updated to "For we are one and free." This change was widely welcomed for acknowledging the continuous history of Australia's First Peoples, spanning over 65,000 years, thereby promoting a more inclusive and accurate narrative of the nation's past and present.

Frequently Asked Questions about "Advance Australia Fair"

Who composed "Advance Australia Fair"?

The national anthem of Australia was composed by Peter Dodds McCormick, a Scottish-born musician who resided in Australia.

When did "Advance Australia Fair" officially become Australia's national anthem?

While it was first adopted in 1974, it was officially and definitively restored as the national anthem in 1984 following a national plebiscite in 1977. It briefly reverted to "God Save the Queen" between 1976 and 1984.

Why were the lyrics of "Advance Australia Fair" changed?

The lyrics have been modified twice since McCormick's original composition. The 1984 changes aimed for greater inclusivity, notably changing "Australia's sons" to "Australians all." The most recent change in January 2021 from "young and free" to "one and free" was made to acknowledge and respect Australia's ancient Indigenous heritage, fostering a more inclusive national identity.

What is the role of "God Save the King/Queen" in Australia today?

"God Save the King" (or "God Save the Queen") now serves as the Royal Anthem in Australia. It is played during public engagements attended by the reigning Monarch or other members of the Royal Family.

How is "Advance Australia Fair" pronounced?

The English pronunciation is approximately [ədˈvæːns əˈstɹæɪ̯ɫjə feː(ɹ)]. In simpler terms, it's pronounced as "ad-VANCE uh-STRAY-lee-uh FAIR," with a distinctly Australian vowel sound for 'Australia'.