Muhammad Sharif Pasha, Greek-Egyptian politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Egypt (b. 1826)

Mohamed Sherif Pasha (1826–1887), known in Arabic as محمد شريف باشا, was an influential Egyptian statesman whose career spanned a pivotal period in the country's history. Of Turkish origin, Sherif Pasha distinguished himself through a remarkable political journey, notably serving as the Prime Minister of Egypt on three separate occasions during a time of immense internal reform and increasing foreign intervention. He was also honored as a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI), a significant British recognition reflecting the complex Anglo-Egyptian relations of the late 19th century.

His tenures as Prime Minister unfolded against a backdrop of the Khedivate of Egypt struggling with mounting debt and the growing influence of European powers, particularly Great Britain and France. Each of his appointments marked a distinct phase in this evolving political landscape.

A Career Spanning Tumultuous Times

Sherif Pasha's first period as Prime Minister was relatively brief, lasting from April 7, 1879, to August 18, 1879. This short term coincided with the dramatic deposition of Khedive Isma'il Pasha by Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II, under pressure from European creditors, and the subsequent ascension of his son, Tewfik Pasha. This was a moment of profound political instability as Egypt transitioned to a new ruler amidst heightened foreign control over its finances.

His second term in office extended from September 14, 1881, to February 4, 1882. This particular premiership was fraught with the escalating tensions that would soon erupt into the Urabi Revolt, a nationalist uprising led by Colonel Ahmed Urabi. This movement aimed to limit Khedivial authority and resist the encroaching Anglo-French dominance, seeking a more independent and constitutional Egyptian government. Sherif Pasha found himself navigating a deeply polarized political environment on the cusp of significant change.

The third and final time Sherif Pasha assumed the premiership was from August 21, 1882, to January 7, 1884. This term began immediately after a watershed moment in Egyptian history: the British occupation of Egypt following their victory over Urabi's forces at the Battle of Tel el-Kebir. Consequently, Sherif Pasha's government, like all subsequent Egyptian administrations for decades to come, operated under the pervasive and often decisive influence of the British Consul-General. His role in this era was crucial for maintaining a semblance of national governance while adapting to the realities of foreign occupation.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Who was Mohamed Sherif Pasha?

Mohamed Sherif Pasha was a prominent Egyptian statesman of Turkish origin who served as Prime Minister of Egypt three times during the late 19th century. He was a key figure during a period of significant political upheaval and increasing European influence in Egypt.

How many times did he serve as Prime Minister?

He served as Prime Minister of Egypt on three separate occasions.

What were the dates of his premierships?

His first term was from April 7, 1879, to August 18, 1879. His second term ran from September 14, 1881, to February 4, 1882. His final term was between August 21, 1882, and January 7, 1884.

What was the political context during his time in office?

His premierships occurred during a highly volatile period for Egypt, marked by the Khedivate's financial struggles, escalating European (especially British) influence, the deposition of Khedive Isma'il, the rise of Egyptian nationalism leading to the Urabi Revolt, and ultimately, the British occupation of Egypt.

What does GCSI stand for?

GCSI stands for "Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India," an honor bestowed by the British Crown. Its presence after his name indicates the strong ties and recognition within the British imperial system during his lifetime.