Joe Medicine Crow, American anthropologist, historian, and author (b. 1913)

Joseph Medicine Crow (October 27, 1913 – April 3, 2016) was an extraordinary figure, a man who seamlessly wove together the roles of a revered Native American writer, a meticulous historian, and a distinguished war chief of the Crow Nation. His life, spanning more than a century, was a testament to resilience, scholarly dedication, and profound service to his people and his country.

A Legacy in Words: Historian and Author

Medicine Crow's literary contributions are deeply significant. His insightful writings on Native American history and the intricate nuances of reservation culture are widely regarded as foundational works, offering invaluable perspectives for future generations. However, it was his compelling writings and lectures concerning the pivotal Battle of the Little Bighorn of 1876 that truly brought him widespread recognition. Through his meticulous research and engaging storytelling, he helped preserve and articulate the Crow perspective on this defining moment in history, making sure their voices were heard and understood for generations to come, ensuring factual accuracy in historical narratives.

A Decorated Warrior: World War II Service

Beyond his intellectual pursuits, Joseph Medicine Crow was also a decorated veteran of World War II, demonstrating immense bravery and dedication on the battlefield. He served with distinction as a scout in the US Army's 103rd Infantry Division, a role that demanded exceptional courage, navigational skill, and an acute understanding of terrain and strategy—qualities he undoubtedly honed through his rich cultural heritage. For his valiant service during the war, where he exhibited remarkable heroism, he was rightfully honored with the Bronze Star Medal, a recognition of his heroic achievement, and the prestigious Légion d'honneur from France, underscoring his profound impact on the Allied efforts and his commitment to freedom.

Last of the War Chiefs and National Recognition

Medicine Crow's influence extended far beyond the battlefield and the written word. He was a foundational member of the Traditional Circle of Indian Elders and Youth, an organization dedicated to preserving and transmitting indigenous wisdom and cultural values across generations. Perhaps his most iconic distinction was his status as the last war chief of the Crow Nation and, indeed, the last Plains Indian war chief. This title was not merely ceremonial; it signified a deep cultural and spiritual connection to centuries of tradition and leadership, embodying the very spirit of his people. In a powerful testament to his lifelong contributions, in 2009, he was bestowed with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian honor in the United States, acknowledging his unparalleled dedication to history, culture, and service to his nation and humanity.

Frequently Asked Questions About Joseph Medicine Crow

Who was Joseph Medicine Crow?

Joseph Medicine Crow was a celebrated Native American writer, historian, and the last war chief of the Crow Nation. He was also a highly decorated World War II veteran and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

What was he best known for?

He was best known for his insightful writings and lectures concerning the Battle of the Little Bighorn of 1876, offering crucial Native American perspectives on this historical event. His works on Native American history and reservation culture are also highly regarded and considered seminal.

What military service did he have?

He served as a scout in the 103rd Infantry Division of the US Army during World War II, where he demonstrated bravery and skill. For his service, he earned the Bronze Star Medal and the Légion d'honneur.

What major awards did he receive?

Beyond his significant military honors, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama in 2009, which is the highest civilian honor in the United States.

What made him unique regarding his Crow heritage?

Joseph Medicine Crow held the unique and significant distinction of being the last war chief of the Crow Nation and the last Plains Indian war chief, representing a profound and irreplaceable link to his people's historical traditions and leadership.