Charles Freer Andrews, English-Indian priest, missionary, and educator (b. 1871)

Charles Freer Andrews (12 February 1871 – 5 April 1940) was a figure of profound significance in both British and Indian history, transcending conventional roles to become a true bridge between cultures and causes. An Anglican priest and Christian missionary by calling, Andrews distinguished himself as much more than a man of faith; he was a dedicated educator, a relentless social reformer, and an unwavering activist for Indian Independence. His journey to India in 1904 as a member of the Cambridge Brotherhood saw him initially teach at St. Stephen's College, Delhi, where his commitment to justice and equality soon broadened his mission beyond the purely spiritual.

Indeed, Andrews became a deeply trusted confidant and close friend to two of India's most iconic figures: Rabindranath Tagore, the Nobel laureate poet, and Mahatma Gandhi, the architect of India's non-violent independence movement. His identification with the Indian liberation struggle was not merely academic; it was deeply personal and principled. He actively championed the rights of Indians, not just within India but also those living under oppressive conditions in other parts of the British Empire, notably campaigning against indentured labor in Fiji and South Africa.

Crucially, C. F. Andrews played a pivotal role in a defining moment of Indian history, instrumental in convincing Mahatma Gandhi to return to India from South Africa. Gandhi had, by then, already established himself as a leading light in the Indian civil rights struggle there, developing the Satyagraha philosophy that would later become synonymous with the Indian freedom movement. Andrews recognized the immense potential of Gandhi's leadership for India itself, advocating for his presence on the subcontinent at a critical juncture.

Reflecting his profound impact and the deep respect he commanded, Andrews received two enduring appellations. Mahatma Gandhi, recognizing his unwavering commitment and faith, affectionately dubbed him Christ's Faithful Apostle, a clever play on his initials, C.F.A. Furthermore, for his tireless contributions to the Indian independence movement and his dedication to the impoverished, Gandhi and his students at St. Stephen's College, Delhi, bestowed upon him the honorific Deenabandhu, a Bengali term meaning "Friend of the Poor." This title eloquently encapsulated his life's mission: to serve the downtrodden and fight for justice, earning him a revered place in the hearts of millions.

Frequently Asked Questions About C. F. Andrews

Who was Charles Freer Andrews?

Charles Freer Andrews was a British Anglican priest, Christian missionary, educator, and social reformer who became a dedicated activist for Indian Independence. He is widely remembered for his close friendships with Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore and his profound empathy for the Indian cause.

What was his relationship with Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore?

He maintained deep and close friendships with both Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore. Andrews was a key supporter and confidant to both, sharing their ideals for social justice, human rights, and India's freedom. He often acted as an intermediary and advocate for their causes on the international stage.

Why was he called "Deenabandhu"?

He was affectionately named "Deenabandhu," meaning "Friend of the Poor" in Bengali, by Mahatma Gandhi and his students at St. Stephen's College, Delhi. This title was given to him in recognition of his selfless contributions to the Indian independence movement and his unwavering commitment to improving the lives of the impoverished and marginalized in India.

What was his role in Mahatma Gandhi's return from South Africa?

C. F. Andrews was instrumental in persuading Mahatma Gandhi to return to India from South Africa in 1915. He recognized Gandhi's burgeoning leadership in the South African civil rights struggle and believed his presence and philosophy were crucial for the burgeoning independence movement in India.

What was C. F. Andrews' main contribution to India?

His main contribution was his unwavering moral and practical support for Indian independence and social justice. As a sympathetic Briton, he lent immense credibility to the Indian cause globally, campaigned against injustices like indentured labor, championed education, and served as a crucial link and friend to its most prominent leaders, significantly influencing the path to freedom.