James I, count of La Marche (b. 1319)

James I of Bourbon, born in 1319 and passing away on April 6, 1362, was a significant figure within the French royal family during a particularly turbulent period of European history, marked by the Hundred Years' War. As a "prince du sang," a prince of the blood, he occupied a position of high distinction and close relation to the French crown, a lineage that carried considerable prestige and responsibility in medieval France.

Lineage and Early Life

James I was the son of two notable figures of his era. His father was Louis I, the first Duke of Bourbon, a prominent French noble and a grandson of King Louis IX of France, which firmly established James's royal heritage. Louis I played an important role in French politics and military affairs. James's mother was Mary of Avesnes, a daughter of John II, Count of Holland and Hainaut, further connecting him to other powerful noble houses across Western Europe. This aristocratic upbringing ensured James was immersed in the complex world of medieval European politics and warfare from an early age, preparing him for the roles he would later assume.

Noble Titles and Territories

Throughout his life, James I held two significant countships, each with its own story and implications:

• Count of La Marche: He inherited the title of Count of La Marche in 1341, a hereditary possession that remained under his control until his death in 1362. La Marche, located in central France, was a strategically important region.
• Count of Ponthieu: From 1351 to 1360, James also held the prestigious title of Count of Ponthieu. This northern French countship, bordering the English Channel, had a history of being contested between the French and English crowns. Its tenure under James I ended in 1360, a year that saw the signing of the Treaty of Brétigny. This pivotal treaty, which aimed to bring a temporary peace to the Hundred Years' War, notably stipulated the cession of Ponthieu to England, fundamentally altering the political landscape of the region.

Involvement in the Hundred Years' War

James I of Bourbon was not merely a noble by birth; he was an active participant in the military conflicts of his time, particularly the early phases of the Hundred Years' War. He served the French crown with dedication, commanding troops and enduring the hardships of war. He is perhaps most famously known for his participation in the disastrous Battle of Poitiers in 1356, where the French suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of the English. Alongside King John II of France, James I was captured during this battle, a significant blow to French morale and leadership. After his eventual release, he continued to champion the French cause. Sadly, his life concluded on the battlefield at the Battle of Brignais on April 6, 1362, where he was killed fighting against the "Tard-Venus," mercenary companies that plagued France in the aftermath of the major campaigns, highlighting the persistent instability of the era.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What does "prince du sang" mean?

A "prince du sang" (prince of the blood) in French royal hierarchy refers to a male-line descendant of a French king, excluding the King's own children and grandchildren. This status denoted a very close relationship to the reigning monarch and often implied eligibility for the throne if the direct line failed, as well as significant political and social influence.

Who were James I of Bourbon's parents?

James I of Bourbon was the son of Louis I, the first Duke of Bourbon, and Mary of Avesnes, who was a daughter of John II, Count of Holland and Hainaut. This lineage firmly placed him within the highest echelons of European nobility.

What were his main titles?

He held the title of Count of La Marche from 1341 until his death in 1362. He also served as the Count of Ponthieu from 1351 to 1360.

Why did he stop being Count of Ponthieu?

His tenure as Count of Ponthieu ended in 1360 due to the Treaty of Brétigny, a significant peace agreement during the Hundred Years' War. Under the terms of this treaty, Ponthieu was ceded to England, thus removing it from French control.

How did James I of Bourbon die?

James I of Bourbon died on April 6, 1362, while fighting at the Battle of Brignais. He was engaged in combat against the "Tard-Venus," bands of mercenaries who were marauding through France following the major conflicts of the Hundred Years' War.

Was he involved in the Hundred Years' War?

Yes, James I of Bourbon was deeply involved in the Hundred Years' War. He fought for the French crown, most notably at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356, where he was captured. His military career concluded with his death on the battlefield at Brignais.