Robert Helpmann, Australian dancer, actor, and choreographer (d. 1986)

Sir Robert Murray Helpmann CBE, born Robert Murray Helpman on 9 April 1909, and passing away on 28 September 1986, was an extraordinary Australian artist whose talents transcended the traditional boundaries of the performing arts. A true polymath of the stage and screen, he carved a formidable reputation as a ballet dancer, actor, director, and choreographer, leaving an indelible mark on both British and Australian cultural landscapes. His career was characterized by remarkable versatility and an unwavering commitment to artistic excellence, blending classical grace with a powerful dramatic presence.

A Star Ascends in British Ballet

After honing his skills with early theatrical work in his native Australia, Helpmann made the pivotal move to Britain in 1932. This decision would prove instrumental in shaping his destiny, as he joined the burgeoning Vic-Wells Ballet, a company founded and meticulously guided by the visionary Ninette de Valois. Under de Valois's tutelage, the company would evolve into the revered Royal Ballet, and Helpmann was at the forefront of its early success. He swiftly rose through the ranks to become one of the company's pre-eminent male dancers, celebrated for his intense theatricality and commanding stage presence.

His partnerships with two of the era's most legendary ballerinas, Alicia Markova and later Margot Fonteyn, became the stuff of legend. These collaborations were not merely technical displays but deeply expressive artistic dialogues that captivated audiences worldwide. When the company's chief choreographer, Frederick Ashton, was called away for military service during the Second World War, Helpmann stepped into this crucial role, a testament to his innate creative capabilities. Remarkably, he managed this demanding responsibility while continuing to excel as a principal dancer, ensuring the company maintained its artistic integrity and continued to perform throughout the tumultuous war years.

From Dancer to Dynamic Thespian and Director

Helpmann’s artistic ambitions were never confined to ballet alone. From the very outset of his career, he embraced acting with equal passion and dedication. As the 1940s progressed, his focus increasingly shifted towards dramatic roles, leading him to grace the stages of prestigious venues like the Old Vic and various theatres in London's vibrant West End. He became particularly renowned for his interpretations of Shakespearean characters, bringing a unique blend of physical grace and psychological depth to roles that often combined the tragic with the heroic.

Beyond the Bard, Helpmann demonstrated his considerable range by appearing in plays by other towering figures of theatre, including George Bernard Shaw, Noël Coward, and Jean-Paul Sartre. His directorial prowess was equally expansive, showcasing a remarkable ability to navigate diverse genres. From the intricate demands of Shakespearean drama to the grand scale of opera, the lively spectacle of musicals, and the whimsical charm of pantomime, Helpmann's vision as a director was consistently lauded for its originality and theatrical flair.

Returning Home: Leadership and Legacy in Australia

In 1965, Helpmann brought his vast experience and international prestige back to his homeland, accepting the role of co-director of The Australian Ballet. This period marked a significant chapter in his career, as he dedicated himself to fostering Australian talent and creating new works for the national company. He conceived and choreographed several innovative ballets during his tenure, contributing significantly to the development and artistic identity of Australian dance.

He assumed the sole directorship in 1975, a position he held for a year before disagreements with the company's board unfortunately led to his dismissal. Despite this setback, Helpmann's artistic contributions to Australia continued unabated. He directed for Australian Opera and remained active as an actor in stage plays well into the 1980s, demonstrating an enduring passion for performance and creation that spanned decades.

A Versatile Presence on the Silver Screen

While primarily a stage artist, Sir Robert Helpmann also made a notable impact on cinema, appearing in fifteen films between 1942 and 1984. His filmography reflects his eclectic tastes and ability to adapt his theatrical intensity to the camera. His debut was in the British wartime drama One of Our Aircraft is Missing (1942). However, it was his unforgettable role as Ivan Boleslavsky, the manipulative impresario, in the iconic ballet film The Red Shoes (1948) that truly cemented his cinematic legacy, bringing him international recognition beyond the stage.

Other memorable screen appearances included another ballet-inspired classic, The Tales of Hoffmann (1951), and a film version of Igor Stravinsky's ballet-drama The Soldier's Tale ("L'Histoire du soldat"), where his portrayal of the enigmatic Devil was particularly chilling and effective. He also charmed audiences in the beloved family musical Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) as the sinister Child Catcher, a role that showcased his remarkable ability to embody vastly different characters. His final film role was in Second Time Lucky (1984), a testament to his long and varied career.

A National Farewell and Enduring Commemoration

Sir Robert Helpmann passed away in Sydney, Australia, and his profound impact on the nation's cultural life was honored with a state funeral held at St Andrew's Cathedral. This was a rare and significant tribute, underscoring his status as a national icon. The then Prime Minister of Australia, Bob Hawke, delivered a heartfelt tribute in the Parliament of Australia, and a motion of condolence was passed – an exceptional acknowledgment for a figure who was not a politician, highlighting the immense regard in which he was held by the country.

His legacy continues to inspire and shape the performing arts in Australia through the Helpmann Awards. Established in his honour in 2001, these prestigious awards celebrate excellence and achievement across all disciplines of the Australian performing arts, serving as a lasting tribute to a man whose vision, talent, and dedication enriched the lives of countless audiences and artists.

Frequently Asked Questions About Sir Robert Helpmann

Who was Sir Robert Helpmann?

Sir Robert Helpmann was an acclaimed Australian ballet dancer, actor, director, and choreographer. Born in 1909, he became a towering figure in the performing arts of the 20th century, known for his versatility across stage and screen.

What were his main contributions to ballet?

He was a leading male dancer with the Vic-Wells Ballet (later the Royal Ballet) in Britain, renowned for his partnerships with Alicia Markova and Margot Fonteyn. He also stepped in as chief choreographer during World War II and later co-directed The Australian Ballet, creating several new works for the company.

Did he only work in ballet?

Absolutely not. While a celebrated ballet figure, Helpmann was equally prominent as a stage actor and director, performing extensively at the Old Vic and in the West End, primarily in Shakespearean roles. He also directed opera, musicals, and pantomime, and appeared in numerous films.

What were some of his most famous film roles?

His most iconic film role was Ivan Boleslavsky in The Red Shoes (1948). He also played the Devil in The Soldier's Tale and the memorable Child Catcher in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968), demonstrating his wide range across genres.

How is he remembered in Australia?

Sir Robert Helpmann is remembered as a national cultural hero. He received a state funeral upon his death, and the Helpmann Awards, Australia's premier performing arts awards, were established in his honour in 2001, cementing his enduring legacy in the country's artistic landscape.