Jan Campert, Dutch journalist and critic (b. 1902)

Jan Remco Theodoor Campert (Spijkenisse, 15 August 1902 – 12 January 1943) was a highly respected Dutch journalist, a perceptive theater critic, and a prolific writer who made his home in Amsterdam during a period of significant cultural and political upheaval. His life, dedicated to literature and the arts, took a tragic turn during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II.

Wartime Resistance and Ultimate Sacrifice

During the brutal German occupation of the Netherlands, which commenced in May 1940, Jan Campert bravely engaged in acts of resistance. He was arrested for the perilous and courageous act of aiding Jews, a capital offense under the Nazi regime's draconian laws designed to facilitate the systematic extermination of Jewish people. This act of humanitarian defiance led to his imprisonment in the notorious Neuengamme concentration camp, a large Nazi concentration camp complex located southeast of Hamburg, Germany. Established in 1938, Neuengamme became a central hub in the Nazi camp system, infamous for its horrific conditions, forced labor, and systematic brutality. It was here, amidst unspeakable suffering and deprivation, that Campert tragically died on 12 January 1943, a victim of Nazi persecution and a martyr for his principles.

"Het lied der achttien dooden": A Symbol of Resistance

Campert is most enduringly recognized for his profoundly moving and powerful poem, "Het lied der achttien dooden" (literally "The Song of the Eighteen Dead," often translated as "The Song of the Eighteen Executed"). This iconic poem serves as a poignant testament to the courage and sacrifice of the Dutch resistance during World War II. It vividly describes the execution of 18 resistance workers—specifically 15 resistance fighters and three communists—by the German occupying forces as an act of brutal retaliation. The poem was written in 1941, directly inspired by an account published in the clandestine, anti-occupation newspaper, Het Parool, which courageously disseminated truthful news and resistance messages throughout the war, becoming a vital lifeline for many under Nazi rule.

Clandestine Publication and Fundraising

In a remarkable act of defiance and solidarity, "Het lied der achttien dooden" was clandestinely published in 1943, even after Campert's death. It appeared as a "rijmprent" (poetry card or broadside), an easily distributable format, by a nascent underground publishing initiative that would later become the renowned De Bezige Bij (The Busy Bee) publishing house. This covert publication served a critical dual purpose: it not only boosted the morale of the Dutch population and honored the fallen, but more importantly, all proceeds from its distribution were secretly used to raise vital funds to hide Jewish children from the Nazis, providing them with safe havens and essential support. This extraordinary initiative saved countless lives and solidified the poem's legacy as a powerful instrument of both artistic expression and active resistance.

Enduring Legacy

Jan Campert's legacy extends beyond his personal sacrifice and his most famous poem. He was the father of the celebrated Dutch novelist and poet Remco Campert (1929-2022), who became one of the most prominent figures in post-war Dutch literature, carrying on the family's artistic heritage. In recognition of Jan Campert's significant contributions to Dutch literature and his ultimate sacrifice for freedom, the prestigious Jan Campert Prize is named in his honor. Administered by the Jan Campert Foundation in The Hague, this annual literary award celebrates outstanding achievements in Dutch poetry and prose, ensuring that his name and spirit continue to inspire future generations of writers.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Jan Campert

Who was Jan Campert?

Jan Remco Theodoor Campert (1902-1943) was a prominent Dutch journalist, theater critic, and writer. He is revered for his courageous resistance efforts during World War II and for his iconic poem "Het lied der achttien dooden."

What is "Het lied der achttien dooden"?

"Het lied der achttien dooden" ("The Song of the Eighteen Dead") is Jan Campert's most famous poem. Written in 1941, it memorializes the execution of 18 Dutch resistance workers by the German occupiers and became a powerful symbol of national resistance and sacrifice.

Why was Jan Campert arrested during World War II?

Jan Campert was arrested by the German occupying forces for actively aiding Jewish individuals, an act of grave defiance against Nazi persecution and a capital offense under their laws. This courageous act led to his imprisonment and subsequent death in the Neuengamme concentration camp.

What is the Jan Campert Prize?

The Jan Campert Prize is a highly esteemed annual Dutch literary award. Named in honor of Jan Campert, it is bestowed upon authors for significant contributions to Dutch poetry and prose, recognizing literary excellence and preserving his legacy in the literary world.