Sir Robert Inglis, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1855)

Sir Robert Harry Inglis, 2nd Baronet (1786–1855), was a profoundly influential English Conservative politician whose career spanned a critical period of social and religious change in 19th-century Britain. Beyond his political contributions, he was also a distinguished Fellow of the Royal Society, reflecting his broader engagement with intellectual life. Inglis is particularly remembered for his unwavering commitment to High Church Anglican principles, which profoundly shaped his parliamentary actions and public discourse.

Early Life, Education, and Heritage

Born on January 12, 1786, Robert Harry Inglis was the son of Sir Hugh Inglis, 1st Baronet, a notable East India Company director and Member of Parliament for several constituencies, including Ashburton and Rochester. The baronetcy of Milton Bryan in the County of Bedfordshire was created for his father in 1801, a hereditary title ranking below a baron but above a knight. Upon his father's death in 1835, Robert Harry Inglis succeeded to this esteemed title, becoming the 2nd Baronet. His education at Christ Church, Oxford, provided a strong foundation, not only in classical studies but also in the theological and political thought that would later define his public career. This academic background at one of England’s most prestigious universities was instrumental in shaping his conservative and High Church convictions.

Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)

On November 27, 1823, Sir Robert Harry Inglis was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS), the world's oldest independent scientific academy, dedicated to promoting excellence in science. While not a scientist himself in the contemporary sense, his election underscored his significant standing within the intellectual and public life of the era. The Royal Society often admitted prominent figures from various fields who demonstrated an interest in public affairs and contributed to the advancement of knowledge, broadly defined.

Political Career and Unwavering Principles

Inglis embarked on his political journey in 1824, serving briefly as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ripon. However, his most significant parliamentary role began in 1826 when he was elected as the MP for Oxford University, a constituency renowned for its strong traditionalist and High Church Anglican leanings. He held this prestigious seat continuously until his retirement in 1854, becoming a prominent and consistent voice for conservative values within the House of Commons.

A Staunch Defender of the Established Church

Sir Robert Harry Inglis was a leading figure among the 'Ultra-Tories,' a faction of the Conservative Party distinguished by their resolute opposition to parliamentary reform and, most notably, to any measures perceived to weaken the Church of England. His political identity was inextricably linked to his High Church views, which emphasized the apostolic succession of bishops, the importance of sacraments, and the unique, divinely ordained role of the Church of England as the established national church. This theological conviction translated directly into his parliamentary actions:

• Catholic Emancipation: Inglis was one of the most fervent opponents of the Roman Catholic Relief Act of 1829, which granted significant civil rights to Catholics in the United Kingdom. He viewed this as a direct threat to the Protestant ascendancy and the established church.
• Jewish Emancipation: Consistent with his opposition to Catholic relief, he also firmly resisted measures aimed at granting civil equality to Jewish citizens.
• University Reform: He vigorously opposed reforms to Oxford and Cambridge Universities that sought to reduce the Anglican monopoly, such as admitting Dissenters (non-Anglican Protestants) to degrees or office, viewing such changes as undermining the religious character of these ancient institutions.
• Church Patronage and Tithes: He was a staunch advocate for the traditional rights and property of the Church of England, including its system of patronage and tithes.

His unwavering stance on these issues made him a symbol of conservative Anglicanism in Parliament. He was known for his integrity, sincerity, and oratorical skill, even by those who disagreed with his views. His commitment to his principles remained steadfast throughout his long parliamentary career, making him a formidable and respected figure in Westminster.

Later Life and Legacy

Sir Robert Harry Inglis retired from Parliament in 1854, concluding nearly three decades of dedicated public service. He passed away on May 5, 1855, at the age of 69. His legacy endures as a quintessential example of a 19th-century English Conservative politician who prioritized the preservation of the established church and traditional institutions above all else. His life provides valuable insight into the profound interplay between religious conviction and political action during a period of significant societal transformation in Britain.

Frequently Asked Questions About Sir Robert Harry Inglis

Who was Sir Robert Harry Inglis?

Sir Robert Harry Inglis, 2nd Baronet, FRS (1786–1855) was a prominent English Conservative politician, best known for representing Oxford University in Parliament and for his staunch High Church Anglican views.

What does 'High Church' mean in the context of his views?

In 19th-century Anglicanism, 'High Church' referred to a theological and liturgical tradition emphasizing the Church of England's continuity with the ancient, apostolic church, the importance of sacraments, and the episcopacy. For Inglis, it translated into strong political advocacy for the established Church of England, opposing measures like Catholic or Jewish emancipation and university reforms that might dilute Anglican dominance.

Why was he a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)?

Sir Robert Harry Inglis was elected an FRS in 1823, reflecting his high standing in intellectual and public life. While not a practicing scientist, the Royal Society often recognised prominent figures who contributed to public knowledge and affairs.

What were his main political contributions or stances?

As a Conservative MP, especially for Oxford University, Inglis was a vocal opponent of major reforms such as Catholic Emancipation, Jewish emancipation, and parliamentary reform. He was a leading voice for the preservation of the Church of England's traditional privileges and its established status.