Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk (b. 1628)

Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk (12 July 1628 – 13 January 1684), was an eminent English nobleman and influential politician who played a significant role during the Restoration period in England. As a leading member of the prestigious House of Howard, one of the most historically prominent aristocratic families in the British Isles, his life and career were deeply intertwined with the political and cultural fabric of 17th-century Britain. He held the esteemed title of Duke of Norfolk, which is recognized as the premier dukedom in the Peerage of England, reflecting an unparalleled position of historical precedence and social standing.

Early Life and Distinguished Family Lineage

Born into a family steeped in centuries of history and power, Henry Howard was the second son of Henry Howard, who held the titles of 22nd Earl of Arundel, 6th Earl of Surrey, and 3rd Earl of Norfolk. His mother was the noble Lady Elizabeth Stuart. The elder Henry Howard was celebrated as a major art collector and patron, particularly renowned for accumulating the "Arundel Marbles," a vast collection of classical antiquities. This familial legacy of intellectual curiosity and patronage deeply influenced the future 6th Duke. The Howards’ principal seat, Arundel Castle in Sussex, served as a powerful symbol of their enduring aristocratic influence and wealth.

A Career in Politics and Public Service

Before inheriting the ducal title, Henry Howard established a notable career in English public life. He served as a Member of Parliament for Arundel, leveraging his family's traditional influence in the constituency. His diplomatic skills were acknowledged through his appointment as Ambassador to Morocco, a vital diplomatic posting during a period of expanding European trade and exploration. Beyond politics, Henry Howard was a significant patron of the sciences and a dedicated benefactor of the Royal Society, the pre-eminent scientific institution of its time. Demonstrating his commitment to scholarly advancement, he made the invaluable donation of the "Arundel Library" to the Royal Society, a collection comprising thousands of rare books and manuscripts. In recognition of his contributions to the realm and his elevated status, he was created Baron Howard of Castle Rising in 1672.

Accession to the Dukedom and Lasting Legacy

Henry Howard ascended to the title of 6th Duke of Norfolk on 13 January 1677, following the death of his elder brother, Thomas Howard, the 5th Duke of Norfolk. Thomas, who had suffered from ill health throughout his life and often resided abroad, had largely entrusted the management of the vast Howard estates and family affairs to Henry. As the 6th Duke, Henry inherited not only the most senior peerage in England but also the significant responsibility of maintaining the family's immense historical and cultural patrimony. His most enduring contribution to national heritage is widely considered to be his magnificent gift of the "Arundel Marbles" to the University of Oxford in 1667. This extraordinary collection of classical Greek and Roman sculptures and inscriptions greatly enriched the university's artistic and archaeological holdings, marking a pivotal moment in the study of antiquity in England and solidifying his reputation as a key figure in the patronage of learning and the arts.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk

When was Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk, born and when did he die?

He was born on 12 July 1628 and passed away on 13 January 1684.

Who were his parents?

His parents were Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel (also 6th Earl of Surrey and 3rd Earl of Norfolk), and Lady Elizabeth Stuart.

How did he become the Duke of Norfolk?

He succeeded his elder brother, Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk, after Thomas's death in 1677. As his brother had no legitimate issue, the title passed to Henry as the next male heir.

What were his significant contributions?

Henry Howard is notably remembered for his generous cultural and scientific contributions. He donated the significant "Arundel Library" to the Royal Society and the acclaimed "Arundel Marbles"—a collection of classical sculptures and inscriptions—to the University of Oxford. He also served as a Member of Parliament and Ambassador to Morocco.

What was the House of Howard known for during his time?

The House of Howard was one of England's most powerful and influential aristocratic families, known for their extensive landholdings, political prominence, and patronage of the arts and sciences, holding the premier dukedom of England.