Picander, German poet and playwright (d. 1764)

Christian Friedrich Henrici (Picander): Bach's Prolific Librettist

Christian Friedrich Henrici (January 14, 1700 – May 10, 1764), widely recognized by his literary pseudonym Picander, was a distinguished German poet and a pivotal librettist for a substantial number of the sacred and secular cantatas composed by Johann Sebastian Bach during his influential tenure in Leipzig. Their remarkable collaboration yielded some of the most enduring works in the Baroque repertoire, making Henrici an indispensable figure in the history of classical music.

The Indispensable Collaboration with Johann Sebastian Bach

Henrici's relationship with Johann Sebastian Bach was one of the most significant artistic partnerships of the 18th century. As the Thomaskantor and musical director in Leipzig, Bach was responsible for providing new music for weekly church services and various civic occasions. This immense demand necessitated a steady supply of well-crafted texts, a role brilliantly fulfilled by Picander. Henrici furnished the libretti for approximately fifty of Bach's cantatas, encompassing both the profound sacred works intended for liturgical use and the more lighthearted secular pieces for festive or celebratory events.

Among the most celebrated compositions that feature Picander's texts are the monumental oratorios: the profoundly moving St. Matthew Passion (BWV 244), the festive and widely beloved Christmas Oratorio (BWV 248), and the Easter Oratorio (BWV 249). Beyond these, he also penned the witty and charming texts for secular works like the Coffee Cantata (BWV 211) and the Peasant Cantata (BWV 212), showcasing his versatility and keen understanding of both theological depth and comedic lightness. His ability to craft verse suitable for Bach's intricate musical settings was a cornerstone of Bach's Leipzig output.

Early Life, Education, and Professional Path

Christian Friedrich Henrici was born in the small but historically significant town of Stolpen in Saxony, Germany. His early life set him on an academic trajectory, leading him to pursue legal studies at two of Germany's most prestigious universities of the era: the University of Wittenberg and the University of Leipzig. These institutions were centers of Enlightenment thought and classical learning, providing Henrici with a robust intellectual foundation that likely influenced his sophisticated literary style.

Initially, Henrici embarked on his writing career as a practical means to supplement his income, particularly during his time as a tutor. This common practice for university students and graduates allowed him to earn a living while honing his literary skills. What is notable, however, is that his passion for writing extended far beyond mere financial necessity. Even after securing stable and regular employment as a civil servant—a respectable and demanding career that could have consumed all his time—he continued his prolific literary output under the Picander pseudonym. This enduring dedication underscores his profound commitment to poetry and his artistic collaboration with Bach.

The Significance of the Pen Name "Picander"

The adoption of a pen name was a common practice among writers in the 18th century, often used to create a distinct literary persona, to signal a particular style, or even to maintain a degree of anonymity. Christian Friedrich Henrici chose the pseudonym Picander. While the precise origin and full intent behind this choice remain debated by scholars, it is often suggested to be a playful or classical allusion. The name "Picander" may derive from "Picard," referring to a native of Picardy, or more commonly from the Latin "pica" (magpie), which can symbolize a collector of various elements, or a mischievous and talkative individual. This choice aligns with the varied nature of his libretti, from profound sacred texts to lighter, satirical secular works, reflecting a multi-faceted literary voice.

Frequently Asked Questions about Christian Friedrich Henrici (Picander)

What was Christian Friedrich Henrici's pen name?

Christian Friedrich Henrici wrote under the well-known pen name Picander.

What was Henrici's primary role in relation to J.S. Bach?

Henrici served as the principal librettist for many of Johann Sebastian Bach's cantatas, providing the texts for both sacred and secular compositions during Bach's time in Leipzig.

Which famous works by Bach feature libretti by Picander?

Picander supplied the texts for several of Bach's most renowned works, including the St. Matthew Passion, the Christmas Oratorio, the Easter Oratorio, and secular cantatas like the Coffee Cantata and the Peasant Cantata.

Where did Christian Friedrich Henrici study?

Henrici studied law at two prominent German universities: the University of Wittenberg and the University of Leipzig.